荧光传感器阵列检测农药污染物研究进展

农药的滥用已造成严重的环境污染,因此开发高效、简便和灵敏的农药检测技术是环境科学领域的研究焦点.荧光传感检测因其灵敏度高,检出限低,操作简单,成本低,目前已逐渐成为农药快速定量检测的一个发展方向.然而,在真实样品检测环境中,污染物不是单独存在的,常伴随结构或化学性质上与待检测分析物相似的污染物进行干扰.而基于阵列的荧光...     

含油漆、油污、橡胶废钢焚烧烟气治理

针对含油漆、油污、橡胶废钢露天堆放焚烧产生烟气污染的特点,采用集气罩内焚烧废钢的焚烧方式与文丘里麻石水膜除尘器联合治理技术,可解决烟气污染问题。经运行测试表明:烟气中烟尘的去除效率在95%以上,排放质量浓度≤30 mg/m3;林格曼黑度为Ⅰ级,达到国家排放标准。     

管网河道耦合的排水系统运营风险分析及治理措施

建立了混流式管网系统与受纳河道的耦合模型分析管网混接对河道水质造成的影响,以运营达标为目标研究了管网系统的运营风险,对风险区域的末端排口提出了针对性的治理措施.结果表明,研究区管网混流对河道水质影响相对较小,但对管网自身污染影响较大,需优先排查区域占流域面积的45.0％,主要集中在新城区;综合考虑节点积水、管线承压、河...     

Survey of Levels of Phthalate Ester Plasticizers in a Sewage Lagoon Effluent and a Receiving Stream

In this study, samples from a sewage treatment lagoon and those from a receiving stream were analyzed for their phthalate esters content. Knowledge of the distribution of ubiquitous phthalate esters in the sewage lagoon and the receiving stream was necessary because of the reports of their subtle toxicity to aquatic biota and humans. Liquid–liquid extraction, Clean-up experiment and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were the methods employed for the quantitative determination of the Phthalates. A study of uncontaminated water was done to establish blank levels. The sewage lagoon and the receiving stream were grossly polluted as several phthalate ester plasticizers: DMP, DEP, DPhP, DBP, DEHP, DOP and DINP were found present at monthly mean levels of between 24.02 mg/L and 139.25 mg/L in the sewage treatment lagoon and 10.41 mg/L and 80.53 mg/L in the receiving stream. The results showed higher levels of phthalate esters in the sewage lagoon compared to the receiving stream. The sewage lagoon was identified as a pollution point source into the receiving stream. Levels of phthalates obtained from the receiving stream are much higher than the water criteria of 3 μg/L phthalates recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for the protection of fish and other aquatic life in water and the Suggested No-Adverse Effect Levels (SNAEL) of 7.5–38.5 μg/L for drinking water. This should give cause for great environmental concern. Peoples’ health downstream is at stake and so is the ‘health’ of the ecosystem.     

TiO_2纳米管阵列光电极的制备及光催化性能研究

采用阳极氧化法在不同的条件下制备了TiO2纳米管阵列（TNT）光电极,利用SEM、XRD等手段对电极的表面形貌、晶体结构进行了分析和表征。以Rh.B为目标污染物,研究了不同电极的光催化和光电催化性能。结果表明：当氧化电压为20 V时,可获得形貌规则的有序排列的TiO2纳米管光电极,纳米管管径为80～120 nm;经50...     

Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants using TiO2 film electrodes: an overview

Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) technology involved applying an electrical bias to a TiO₂ film electrode, has been widely applied to the degradation of refractory organic pollutants, owing to its high degradation efficiency. This paper reviews recent developments in the PEC degradation of recalcitrant organic contaminants using a TiO₂ film electrode. The preparation and application of various TiO₂ film electrodes have been investigated, as well as the parameters that influence PEC activity such as the crystal structure, the film thickness and substrate material, the applied electrical bias, the solution pH and conductivity. The improvement of PEC activity by doping the TiO₂ film electrode with metal and non-metal ions has been discussed. The mechanism and kinetics for the PEC degradation of organic pollutants have also been highlighted.     

微波辐照碳酸钾化学活化法制备菌渣活性炭

以食用菌渣为原料,以K2CO3为活化剂,利用微波辐照加热法制备活性炭。采用正交实验设计,研究了活化功率、活化时间、K2CO3与菌渣质量比、浸渍时间对活性炭碘值及得率的影响。实验结果表明,活化时间、活化功率、K2CO3与菌渣质量比对活性炭碘值影响显著,浸渍时间对活性炭碘值影响不显著;对活性炭得率,各因素影响均不显著。综合考虑碘值和得率2个指标,实验得出的最佳活性炭制备工艺条件为:活化功率560 W,活化时间20 min,K2CO3与菌渣质量比0.8,浸渍时间20 h。     

环境敏感区环保技术措施的研究与实践

文章介绍环境敏感区百重7井区开发过程中的环境保护工作,为尽量降低油田开发过程中对环境的负面影响,对环境保护长效机制进行初步探索。通过油田开发前、钻井过程中、生产运行中、施工作业中各环节的环境保护技术措施的实施,节约了大量清水与天然气,实现了水资源与热能的循环利用,采出液能耗降低,废气与排放量减小。     

“塘+湿地”耦合系统净化再生水补给低C/N河湖水体的效能及机制研究

构建了针对再生水补给低C/N河湖水体的"释碳塘-水平潜流人工湿地-沉水植物塘"耦合生态净化系统，以北运河上游沙河水库为研究对象，研究了该耦合系统对主要污染物TN、TP和COD_Cr的净化效能，并采用高通量测序技术解析了各单元微生物群落分布特征.结果表明，耦合生态系统稳定运行后出水中TP、TN和COD_Cr的浓度分别为（0.07±0.03），（1.41±1.06）和（18.51±6.97）mg·L^-1，其中，TP和COD_Cr可稳定达到《我国地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）地表IV类水（湖库）标准，TN达标率为73%.10月下旬后出水中TN不达标主要是由于温度降低导致反硝化细菌活性降低以及进水中C/N降低导致.本耦合系统可强化沙河水库中氮素的去除，不仅体现在释碳床的加入可补充湿地反硝化所需碳源，且自身的"夹心结构"可在内部实现缺氧环境，有利于反硝化的发生.加入释碳床前后，释碳塘和水平潜流人工湿地对TN的去除率分别由23.1%±27.3%和38.3%±21.6%提高至25.3%±19.4%和47.4%±15.6%.微生物群落分析结果表明，运行过程中释碳床内部微生物优势菌属由嗜氢菌属和淀粉发酵菌属转变为纤维素降解菌属.耦合系统各单元优势菌属差异较大，其中节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）在3个单元均为优势菌属.     

重金属污染场地电阻率法探测数值模拟及应用研究

为了分析重金属污染场地的电阻率法探测效果,建立典型污染场地的电阻率模型,采用有限元法对电阻率法探测进行数值模拟,分析电阻率法探测的典型装置———温纳装置对于不同污染程度和污染区域的探测效果.模拟结果表明,电法装置的探测效果受到污染程度和污染区域埋深的影响,污染程度越严重,探测得到的低阻异常越明显,污染区域越容易识别;反之,污染程度较轻时(污染土壤与背景土壤电阻率比值大于60%),温纳装置探测无法得到明显的低阻异常,不利于污染区域判断;污染区域越靠近地表,则越容易被检测出,污染区域埋深较深时,视电阻率断面图异常不明显,不易污染区域判断.实际场地电阻率法探测结果也表明,电阻率法能够正确检测出污染相对严重的区域.