陕西关中地区水文气候状况对全球变暖的响应问题探讨

利用1953－1999年陕西关中地区年平均气温、年降永量和同期中国年平均气温距平资料，分析对比关中地区近50年气温变化与周期中国气温变化、气温与降水之间的关系，对关中地区日趋严重的水资源退化问题进行了探讨，揭示了全球变化的背景下关中地区气候变化的区域性特点及其气候干暖化趋势。关中地区未来气候将更趋干暖化，生态环境将更加脆弱。建议在西部大开发当中，把生态环境建设放在首要位置。     

鄱阳湖洪灾特征与圩区还湖减灾运用方式研究

根据水文资料,分析了鄱阳湖入湖五大河流来水与长江水情对鄱阳湖洪灾的影响和鄱阳湖洪水位的频率特征,探讨了湖区中小圩区"高水还湖滞洪,低水种植养殖"的减灾运行方式对湖区防洪减灾可以起到的作用。     

An integrated approach: managing resources for post-disaster reconstruction

A lack of resources for post-disaster housing reconstruction significantly limits the prospects for successful recovery. Following the earthquake in Wenchuan, China, in May 2008, housing reconstruction was not immune to resource shortages and price inflation. Difficulties in sourcing materials and labour considerably impeded recovery. This paper provides evidence of the resourcing bottlenecks inherent in the post-Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction process. Its aim is to present an integrated planning framework for managing resources for post-disaster housing rebuilding. The results are drawn from in-field surveys that highlight the areas where stakeholders need to concentrate effort, including revising legislation and policy, enhancing capacity for rebuilding in the construction industry, strengthening the transportation network, restructuring market mechanisms, and incorporating environmental considerations into overall planning. Although the case study presented here is country-specific, it is hoped that the findings provide a basis for future research to identify resourcing constraints and solutions in other disaster contexts.     

青藏高原东部几种自然土壤放线菌的生态分布

采用常规方法研究了青藏高原东部几种自然土壤中放线菌区系及与土壤养分的关系.结果表明①供试土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效钾及速效磷含量变异很大,其变异系数分别为71.9%,60.8 %,65.8%,53.5 %及130.6%.pH差异很小,平均值为8.16,变异系数为6.5 %.②供试土壤放线菌数量n(cfu)=(8.2～1 472.7)×104 g-1.放线菌组成以链霉菌为主,其次为小单孢菌,二者分别占土壤放线菌总数的41.7%～90.9%及 0～53.6%,其平均值和变异系数分别为82.2%和18.0%及10.3%和154. 2 %.沼泽土中小单孢菌占放线菌总数的53.6%,盐化土中无小单孢菌.高山草甸土、森林棕褐土、黑钙土及灰钙土中分别出现链孢囊菌属与马杜拉菌属、间孢囊菌属、诺卡氏菌属及链孢囊菌属.③在链霉菌属中,可划分10个类群,其中白孢类群、灰褐类群、金色类群、粉红孢类群为优势类群,分别占链霉菌总数的23.3 %～57.0%, 2.7%～32.8 %,5.8%～63.7 及2.3% ～24.6%,其次为淡紫灰类群和灰红紫类群,6个类群共占链霉菌总数的70.3%～100%.盐化土和黑钙土分别为链霉菌数量与类群最少和最多的土壤生态体系.④供试土壤按植被、土壤形成条件及土壤性质分为高山草甸土、森林棕褐土、黑钙土、灰钙土、栗钙土、盐化土、风沙土及沼泽土8种生态类型、盐化土、风沙土和沼泽土3种生态型中放线菌的生物多样性较其余5种生态型差. 表5 参16     

The Impact of Landsat Satellite Monitoring on Conservation Biology

Landsat 7s recent malfunctioning will result in significant gaps in long-term satellite monitoring of Earth, affecting not only the research of the Earth science community but also conservation users of these data. To determine whether or how important Landsat monitoring is for conservation and natural resource management, we reviewed the Landsat programs history with special emphasis on the development of user groups. We also conducted a bibliographic search to determine the extent to which conservation research has been based on Landsat data. Conservation biologists were not an early user group of Landsat data because a) biologists lacked technical capacity – computers and software – to analyze these data; b) Landsats 1980s commercialization rendered images too costly for biologists budgets; and c) the broad-scale disciplines of conservation biology and landscape ecology did not develop until the mid-to-late 1980s. All these conditions had changed by the 1990s and Landsat imagery became an important tool for conservation biology. Satellite monitoring and Landsat continuity are mandated by the Land Remote Sensing Act of 1992. This legislation leaves open commercial options. However, past experiments with commercial operations were neither viable nor economical, and severely reduced the quality of monitoring, archiving and data access for academia and the public. Future satellite monitoring programs are essential for conservation and natural resource management, must provide continuity with Landsat, and should be government operated.     

Rehabilitation of metropolitan beaches by local administrations in Catalonia: new trends in sustainable coastal management

The planning and management of coastal sites in Catalonia has been mainly concerned with rendering beaches functional for mass frequentation. This has caused serious problems for the beaches, including the alteration of dune formation processes and the destruction of beach vegetation and habitats. Municipal capacity to plan and manage beaches is theoretically very limited and relegated to the design of plans related to the maintenance of facilities for beach users. Nonetheless, a singular experience, led by a local council in the metropolitan area of Barcelona demonstrates the crucial role that a local administration can play in achieving a balance between habitat preservation and social use based on sustainable coastal management objectives, in spite of a restrictive legislation.     

红壤区耕地有机物质的利用现状与开发策略

应用大量的调查和试验数据,论述了红壤区耕地有机物质资源的种类、数量及分布状况;分析了目前有机物质利用的现状及存在问题;探讨了开发有机肥料资源的对策。     

大红色基G生产中的废酸资源回收

大红色基Ｇ生产中产生的废硫酸内含硫酸达５０％，ＣＯＤ７０ｇ／Ｌ，难用常规的方法来处理。本文给出了用该废酸生产硫酸锌进而生产立德粉的方法，并用ＣＯＤ浓度作为硫酸锌质量的控制指标，氧化锌和了废硫酸后，有机会物从溶液中析了，ＣＯＤ的去除率达９９％。残存的有机物用活性炭吸附法除去。控制ＺｎＳＯ４溶液中ＣＯＤ≤６０ｍｇ／Ｌ，可制得合格的Ｂ３０１立德粉。有杉本法使硫酸资源全部回收并且无废水排放。     

构建“水-煤-碳”体系 优化煤化工发展

分析了煤化工行业发展的现状及趋势,提出我国现代煤化工发展瓶颈主要是产业发展存在技术风险、产业发展与资源环境的矛盾突出及面临碳减排压力,并提出通过合理构建"水-煤-碳"三大约束指标体系,引导煤化工实现有序发展。     

2015年我国废钢铁总资源及可获量的推定

概述了国内资深专家对我国废钢铁资源现状和发展前景的看法,并对我国2015年废钢铁总资源及可获量进行推定。