中国西藏开发中的“长江战略”问题研究

西藏地处我国西部 ,西藏开发是西部大开发的重要组成部分。通过对长江经济带和西藏开发的关系及西藏发展的历史、现状和问题的分析 ,认为长江经济带有能力 ,也有必要支持西藏自治区的发展。根据西藏目前的发展现状和存在的问题来看 ,长江经济带有必要在新的背景条件下 ,寻求更好的战略模式促进西藏开发。也即同西藏两地通过文化交流促进经济融合 ,以改变观念为出发点 ,拓展潜在市场为目标 ,达到促进西藏开发和长江经济带进一步发展的双重目的。长江战略的实施要点包括 :(1)推广双语学习 ,以文化交流促进经济融合 ;(2 )提高藏语教学的师资质量 ,改善劳动力整体素质 ;(3)让一部分藏民先富起来 ,成为西藏开发的中坚力量 ;(4)合作协助发展交通、通讯等基础设施 ,完善交流手段 ;(5 )帮助扶植西藏地区的起步产业 ,逐步培养自立发展经济的能力     

The effect of intergroup comparison on willingness to perform sustainable behavior

The present research examines the effects of intergroup comparison on willingness to perform sustainable behavior. In Experiment 1, university students compared current students with past or future students, and then completed measures of willingness to perform sustainable behavior. Participants who compared to past students reported more willingness to perform sustainable behavior than those who compared to future students. In Experiment 2, university students again compared current students with past or future students and completed measures of sustainable beliefs and willingness to perform sustainable behavior. Participants who compared to past students reported more willingness to perform sustainable behavior than those who compared to future students. This effect was mediated by strengthened sustainable beliefs. The results show that intergroup comparison can be strategically employed to promote motivation to perform sustainable behavior.     

Conservatism vs. conservationism: differential influences of social identities on beliefs about fracking

ABSTRACT

Although recent expansions in hydraulic fracking operations across the United States have led to greater news coverage and attention from the public, overall understanding remains fairly low. For some, relevant social identities, including environmental or political, may provide a short cut to becoming informed about fracking, or to determining what they believe about it and how that influences their positions on fracking policies. Social identity influence frameworks provide an approach to understanding the relationships between belief and identity, which this study investigates through its affiliational and attitudinal components. National survey data are used to model pathways from environmental and political identities to beliefs about risks associated with fracking. Environmental attitudes significantly predicted belief that fracking has health risks, and mediated a relationship from environmental group affiliation, but environmental information was not significant. Ideology had direct and indirect effects, through partisan media use, while partisanship had direct effects on beliefs about environmental risks.     

The importance of group‐focused transformational leadership and felt obligation for helping and group performance

Leaders face a challenge to simultaneously motivate workgroups and the individuals within them. Recent criticisms highlight the need to deconstruct broad leadership constructs to offer better theoretical insight into the effects of specific leadership behaviors on groups versus individuals. We address this call by exploring the effects of group‐focused and individual‐focused aspects of transformational leadership. Applying social identity theory, we theorize that group‐focused transformational leadership is key to fostering felt obligation, motivating helping behavior, and enhancing group performance, whereas individual‐focused leadership may only foster helping when individuals also feel a sense of obligation toward their workgroup. In a field study of 260 employees reporting to 36 supervisors in a skilled trade company, we find support for these predictions using multilevel structural equation modeling and multilevel mixed effects modeling. Thus, group‐focused (vs. individual‐focused) transformational leadership and subsequent felt obligation are important antecedents for encouraging helping and, in turn, workgroup performance.     

西南地区生态文化旅游科技发展战略初探

西南地区旅游资源丰富多样,但经济发展水平相对落后.要实现西南地区经济社会的腾飞,必须实施生态文化旅游科技发展战略.在分析西南地区旅游资源特点的基础上,指出了旅游发展的战略目标及主要任务,并提出了相关建议.     

The multiple ways of behaving creatively in the workplace: A typology and model

Evidence in the literature suggests that employees can engage in other types of creative behavior at work beyond producing something new and useful for their organization. This paper seeks to advance our understanding of these “atypical” creative behaviors. We conceptualize a typology that encompasses both the commonly studied form of employee creativity (conventional steward‐type) and three other types of employee creativity that have not been previously theorized (critical steward‐type, cunning agent‐type, and innocent agent‐type). We then advance a conceptual model to identify situations that may lead employees to use their creative potential one way versus another. Further, we examine the different implications of these creative behaviors for the organization, employee, and society. Our conceptual framework provides a broader perspective of workplace creativity in which a wider range of behaviors, mechanisms, and outcomes must be considered. It provides new directions for future research as well as implications for managing creativity in different organizational and cultural contexts.     

产絮凝剂细菌的筛选及其培养条件研究

从活性污泥、农药厂土壤中分离筛选到8株产絮凝剂细菌,经过复筛得到一株高效絮凝剂产生菌NT-1.该菌产絮凝剂的适宜碳源为蔗糖,适宜氮源为酵母膏,初始pH值7.0～8.0,装液量45～75 mL/150 mL,接种量3%～6%,摇床转数为150 r/min,32 ℃培养36～72 h;产生具有高效稳定絮凝活性的絮凝剂,对高岭土悬液的絮凝率均在90%以上.     

企业员工安全文化素质的层次分析

建设良好的企业安全文化可以预防企业的事故发生,而企业员工安全文化素质则是企业安全文化的根基,也是企业安全文化的具体体现。通过建立员工安全文化层次渐近模型,分析企业员工安全文化素质的5个层次,即安全的无意识、体制约束下的安全意识、自我的安全意识、自我的可控安全意识、超越自我的安全意识。从中得出,员工安全文化素质的培养是一个长期的渐进的过程,是相互协作的结果。员工安全意识的培养是企业安全文化的标志,它需要良好的氛围,并且体现了企业安全文化的核心本质。因此,培养员工安全文化意识对解决企业安全文化建设及保证企业安全运转具有十分重要的意义。     

The moral self: A review and integration of the literature

The role of the self in moral functioning has gained considerable theoretical and empirical attention over the last 25 years. A general consensus has emerged that the self plays a vital role in individuals' moral agency. This surge of research produced a proliferation of constructs related to the moral self, each grounded in diverse theoretical perspectives. Although this work has advanced our understanding of moral thought and behavior, there has also been a lack of clarity as to the nature and functioning of the moral self. We review and synthesize empirical research related to the moral self and provide an integrative framework to increase conceptual coherence among the various relevant constructs. We then discuss emerging opportunities and future directions for research on the moral self as well as implications for behavioral ethics in organizational contexts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Professional diversity,identity salience and team innovation: The moderating role of openmindedness norms

The impact of diverse composition in teams is neither straightforward nor direct, and evidence suggests that diversity can be either conducive or detrimental to team innovation. Professionally diverse healthcare teams are increasingly used to develop innovative clinical approaches and solve complex healthcare problems; however, there is evidence that collaboration across professional boundaries creates conflict and is frequently unsuccessful. Healthcare organizations consequently face a dilemma. If they embrace professional diversity in teams, they risk interprofessional hostility, but if they choose homogeneous teams, they diminish their teams' capacity to innovate. We respond to this quandary by utilizing social identity theory to better understand the mechanisms through which professional diversity can enhance team innovation. In particular, we argue that professional identity salience operates as a mediator capable of explaining both positive and negative outcomes of professional diversity, contingent on the moderating effect of openmindedness norms. Analysis of survey data from 70 healthcare teams supports our model and indicates that professional salience can both enhance and undermine team innovation, depending on the extent of team openmindedness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.