高等学校应以精神文明建设为先导落实育人目标

以精神文明建设为先导落实育人目标,是贯彻高校教育方针的重要方面。本文从抓好队伍和校园文化建设为切入点,提出了拓宽育人渠道、改进育人方法和强化素质教育的建议。     

Renewable Resources and Enzymatic Processes to Create Functional Polymers: Adapting Materials and Reactions from Food Processing

We are exploiting materials and concepts from food science to create functionalized, environmentally friendly derivatives of the biopolymer chitosan, a byproduct of seafood processing. Functional groups are grafted onto chitosan using tyrosinase, the enzyme responsible for food browning. The functionalizing groups studied include low-molecular-weight phenols derived from natural sources and high-molecular-weight proteins. The approach of using low-molecular-weight phenols to functionalize chitosan is illustrated with arbutin, a natural phenol found in pears. Results demonstrate that tyrosinase initiates reactions that lead to the conversion of arbutin–chitosan solutions into gels. These gels can be rapidly broken by treatment with the chitosan-hydrolyzing enzyme chitosanase, demonstrating that the chitosan derivatives remain biodegradable. We briefly review other studies in which low-molecular-weight natural phenols are enzymatically grafted onto chitosan to confer functional properties. The creation of co-polymers is illustrated by results in which tyrosinase is used to couple gelatin onto chitosan. Gelatin is a proteinaceous byproduct of meat production. The tyrosinase-generated gelatin–chitosan conjugates have been observed to offer interesting rheological and thermal properties. These results demonstrate the potential for using renewable resources and enzymatic processing to create environmentally friendly polymers with useful functional properties.     

四川省科技人力资源潜力与结构变化

通过对四川省科技人力资源的潜力、结构变化的分析,提出建立统一规范的科技人才培养经费投入政策,加强科技人才资源的再开发,不拘一格引进科技人才,建立四川省科技人力资源监测系统等对策。     

城市旅游环境承载力及其旅游资源空间管理

UTECC主要充当控制旅游需求的功能。UTECC的降低最明显的后果就是损害了城市的生态环境质量,紧接着会导致旅游需求的降低。为了实现城市旅游可持续发展,城市的旅游需求不能超过旅游环境承载力。通常对城市旅游资源过度需求的空间管理方法主要有5种。本文在AlanCollins(1999年)研究的基础上提出了城市旅游环境承载力的概念,并借助城市旅游资源过度需求管理方面的理论对如何使用及防止滥用城市旅游环境承载力作了初步研究。     

MULTISCALE RIVER ENVIRONMENT CLASSIFICATION FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: River Environment Classification (REC) is a new system for classifying river environments that is based on climate, topography, geology, and land cover factors that control spatial patterns in river ecosystems. REC builds on existing principles for environmental regionalization and introduces three specific additions to the “ecoregion” approach. First, the REC assumes that ecological patterns are dependent on a range of factors and associated landscape scale processes, some of which may show significant variation within an ecoregion. REC arranges the controlling factors in a hierarchy with each level defining the cause of ecological variation at a given characteristic scale. Second, REC assumes that ecological characteristics of rivers are responses to fluvial (i.e., hydrological and hydraulic) processes. Thus, REC uses a network of channels and associated watersheds to classify specific sections of river. When mapped, REC has the form of a linear mosaic in which classes change in the downstream direction as the integrated characteristics of the watershed change, producing longitudinal spatial patterns that are typical of river ecosystems. Third, REC assigns individual river sections to a class independently and objectively according to criteria that result in a geographically independent framework in which classes may show wide geographic dispersion rather than the geographically dependent schemes that result from the ecoregion approach. REC has been developed to provide a multiscale spatial framework for river management and has been used to map the rivers of New Zealand at a 1:50,000 mapping scale.     

OPTIMIZING WELL PLACEMENT IN A COASTAL AQUIFER: OUTER CAPE COD,MASSACHUSETTS1

ABSTRACT: An inverse‐simulation approach is used to determine optimal strategies for developing public water‐supply systems in a shallow, coastal aquifer on the outermost arm of the Cape Cod peninsula in Massachusetts. Typically a forward simulation (or “trial and error”) approach is used to find best pumping strategies, but the chances of finding success with this tact diminish as the number of potential options grows large. Well locations and pumping rates are optimized with respect to: (1) providing sufficient water to areas of water‐quality impairment, (2) minimizing impacts to nearby surface waters, (3) preventing saltwater contamination due to overpumping, and (4) minimizing financial cost of well development. Potential well sites and water‐supply scenarios are separated into “politically‐based” and “resource‐based” categories to gain insight into the degree that pre‐existing political boundaries hinder best management practices. The approach provides a promising tool in transboundary water‐resources settings because it allows stakeholders to find solutions that best meet everyone's goals, as opposed to pursuing options that will create conflict, or are less than optimal.     

Fostering sustainable small-scale investments: lessons from experience and ideas for intervention and innovation

This article presents lessons from experience pertinent to implementing small-scale natural resource and related investment projects in developing countries. It outlines ideas for intervention and innovation to foster such investments. Particular emphasis is placed on private-sector participation in these investments. Following a brief presentation of the economic development and other arguments that support intervention and innovation in support of such small-scale natural resource investments, the article discusses many of the lessons learned from experience. These lessons reinforce those touched upon in the investment-specific discussions in the previous articles. The experience and associated lessons that are examined include experiences in both developing and developed countries and encompass not just lessons from natural resource investments, but also small-scale investments in other sectors. Financing and other innovations which facilitate meeting the challenges are drawn from relevant experience where barriers to investment have been surmounted. Options for programme and project interventions to increase market penetration of small-scale investments and achieve the associated development linkages and synergies are suggested. These suggestions are aimed especially at governments and bilateral and multilateral development finance and development assistance entities. It is those players who might support such interventions in collaboration with local financial institutions and other market players.     

充分利用水资源 改善生态环境

本文结合攀枝花地区实际,论述了水资源利用率高低是影响经济发展和改善生态环境的重要因素,调查分析了攀枝花地区水资源利用率低的原因;提出了提高水资源利用率的对策和措施。为促进经济发展和改善生态环境提供了依据。     

城市自然资源的综合评价与发展评价——以武汉市为例

在武汉市的自然资源结构中,水资源量大质优,地位突出,农业自然资源配合协调,城市建设的相关资源组合较好,能源与矿产资源相当贫乏。从城市发展的角度考察,人均资源量将日趋减少,水资源保证程度较高,城市土地资源尚具潜力但矛盾日益显露,能源与矿产资源的制约性是深刻而持久的。     

四川天门冬属植物资源

经实地调查采集及标本整理鉴定,确认四川天门冬属植物有14种,其中大理天门冬、甘肃天门冬和昆明天门冬为四川分布新记录,并编制了14种植物的检索表。