对产生环境问题的根源探析

从多维、多学科的视角，就环境问题产生的原因进行了比较系统，全面的研究和探讨。具体包括环境问题产生的哲学根源、宗教根源、伦理根源、技术根源和经济根源。从表面上看，环境问题是一个技术问题、经济问题；但从深层次考察，环境问题则也是哲学问题、宗教问题和伦理问题。环境问题的根本解决，不仅有赖于技术进步和经济法律制度的变革，更有赖于人类文明的转型和伦理观念的觉悟。     

资源环境约束下的西北农业结构调整与产业化发展对策

西北地区农业资源有5个优势和水资源短缺、生态环境脆弱、区位偏僻、社会资源贫瘠四大制约因素。在资源约束下,农业结构调整与优化的3个主导方向是强化农牧结合,大力发展食草性畜牧业;发展高附加值、创汇型园艺植物;扩大农业空间,稳步发展沙漠农业。同时强调农业产业化,一要扩大产业化门路,二要延长产业链,三要提高档次。并提出改善、保护生态环境,发展生态经济型农业等5个方面的对策。     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Influence of conservation tillage on winter bird use of arable fields in Hungary

Bird use of conservation tillage-established (CT—seedbed preparation without soil inversion) crops was assessed at two adjacent sites in western Hungary, in comparison with conventionally established (mouldboard ploughed—P) fields. Bird abundance was assessed in a typical rotation of spring-sown maize and winter wheat in three consecutive winters. In the first winter, several species and the guild of seed-eating passerines were significantly more abundant on CT established plots, in both crop types. In the second winter, only starlings were more abundant on CT plots. In the third winter, only skylarks favoured CT over P plots. In combination with agri-environment scheme measures designed to provide resources for biodiversity, conservation tillage could play a role in softening the impact of agriculture on farmland birds in Hungary and elsewhere in Eastern Europe, in addition to its potential for reducing soil erosion and diffuse pollution.     

高校校园文化建设的几点思考

高校校园文化作为一种特殊的亚文化，存在于社会文化之中，它在高校师生的校园生活中发挥着重要的作用。建设良好、健康的校园文化是高校为社会培养合格人才、优秀人才的客观需要。本文阐述了校园文化的含义，分析了校园文化的重要性，并对所在地区几所高校进行调研，浅析了当前高校校园文化现状，提出了几点校园文化建设的建议。     

陡坡地灌桑垄槽栽培研究

陡坡地灌桑垄槽栽培研究结果,免除土壤侵蚀的危害,其５０ｃｍ、１００ｃｍ土壤中,比对照区持水量高１０.２０％～３３.６７％、８.２７％～６５.３７％,含全氮率为对照的９０％,含全磷率高２.９％、２６.２％,含全钾率高３.１８％、８.０１％,而水解氮均为对照的６１.５％,速效磷高较对照３９.０２％、９７.７２％,速效钾为对照的９１.４８％、９２.５４％。公顷产桑叶量和蚕茧量均较对照高５～１０倍,经济效益较对照高１１.８８倍。     

建材资源开发的生态环境补偿费探讨

应用新的资源价值观念与环境经济学中ＭＯＣ框架及其它理论，给出了建材资源的生态环境补偿费的定义与确定方法，建立了相应的理论模型。在此基础上，根据不同地区的经济发展水平与环境现状等实现情况，用认可系数对计算的补偿费进行修正。     

鄂西的硒资源及其开发战略研究

湖北省西南部有二叠系茅口组富硒碳质硅质岩和碳质页岩广泛出露。岩石、土壤和富硒土壤上生长的玉米含硒量最高分别达到8.390、354和40(mg/kg)。作者对这一硒资源的价值进行了评估,并对其开发战略进行了探讨。     

吉林省天然矿泉水资源基本特征与开发战略

本文在分析矿泉水形成的地质背景基础上,论述了全省碳酸矿泉水以游离Co₂、偏硅酸含量高,尤其矿化度高,并富含锶、锂、锌为基本特征;硅酸矿泉水以含锶的淡矿泉水为基本特征。全省矿泉水分布广泛、泉点集中、资源丰富、水质优良、类型齐全,具有广阔的开发前景。近期火山活动与活动断裂是矿泉水形成机制的两种类型。各火山群与活动断裂带是寻找矿泉水新产地的有望地段。     

趋利除弊,不断深化对我国水资源的认识

我国水资源有诸多特点,除某些不利因素外,还具有水资源可利用性较好,河流径流利用率高,少水区地下水赋存条件好,贫水区中存在相对富水区,有取之不尽的海水等有利因素。应结合本国水资源特点,趋利除弊,不断完善对水资源管理,使有限水资源更好满足经济发展和人民生活的需求。