开放系统中4株丝状真菌的成球生长及其对染料的吸附脱色

考察了4株丝状真菌对3种高水溶性染料的吸附脱色,研究了开放体系中影响菌丝成球生长及染料吸附的几个关键因素并探讨了菌丝球多次重复接种的可行性.结果显示,4菌株对酸性艳红B的去除率接近100%;木霉对3种染料的脱色率均超过99%.开放系统中低时间研磨菌丝的高浓度接种木霉成球良好,酸性艳红B去除近100%.菌丝球的重复接种加速了染料的吸附去除,废水脱色时间从一次接种的72h减至3次接种的12h.     

阴离子染料酸性大红GR水溶液的脱色及反应机理

以阴离子染料酸性大红GR为代表,采用十二胺做助剂,硫酸铝做混凝剂对其水溶液进行脱色处理,研究了助剂、混凝剂投加量、pH值及其盐效应等的影响．通过电导率、丁达尔效应和IR谱图分析其脱色机理：阴离子染料在水溶液中与十二胺之间发生化学反应,靠氢键和静电键结合,使染料微粒聚集形成胶体,再与硫酸铝混凝剂作用产生沉淀．     

偶氮染料循环伏安行为和生物厌氧脱色相关性研究

对4种结构相似偶氮染料的循环伏安特性研究及其生物厌氧脱色速率实验,结果表明,所选结构相似染料的生物脱色速率最快的是酸性黄-Bis(E_r=-616.75 mV),速率为0.012 09 mol·(L·h)^-1,依次是酸性黄-11[E_r=-593.25 mV,0.010 40mol·(L·h)^-1],酸性黄-4[E_r=-513 mV,0.007 575 mol·(L·h)^-1],且脱色速率与其循环伏安图中的还原峰电位间存在线性关系.研究还表明,电化学方法在一定程度上可对生物体系发生生化反应进行部分模拟和预测.     

木浆造纸黑液酸析木质素后滤液的处理工艺初探研究

采用不同的吸附剂对木浆造纸黑液酸析木质素后的滤液进行吸附处理研究,并测定其CODcr去除率和脱色率。对滤液原料(2#)的吸附工艺条件进行了考察。结果表明,在四种吸附剂中,粉末活性炭的吸附性能最好。采用粉末活性炭作为吸附剂处理滤液原料(2#)较好工艺条件为:用量为6 g,吸附时间为2.5 h~3 h,吸附温度为60℃。     

γ-Al2 O3 负载磷钨酸催化强化电化学法处理水中酸性大红3R的研究

采用浸渍法制备γ-Al2O3负载磷钨酸(HPW/γ-Al2O3)催化剂.运用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)对催化剂的微观结构、形貌进行表征.结果表明杂多阴离子保持Keggin结构.将HPW/γ-Al2O3负载型催化剂填充于电化学反应器中,考察催化剂强化电化学法降解酸性大红3R染料的效果.研究表明,HPW/γ-Al2O3催化剂对酸性大红3R溶液显示了良好的催化活性,催化剂负载量为4.6%时,在pH为3、槽电压25.0 V、空气流速0.04 m3.h-1、极板间距3.0 cm反应条件下,60 min后,色度去除率达到97.6%.催化剂重复使用10次后,体系脱色率仍可达到80%左右,但会出现部分活性组分的流失现象.采用可见-紫外光谱对反应中间产物进行定性分析显示,在脱色反应过程中,染料分子中的共轭体系已基本被破坏.     

Decolorization of oxygen-delignified bleaching effluent and biobleaching of oxygen-delignified kraft pulp by non-white-rot fungus Geotrichum candidum Dec 1

Decolorization of oxygen-delignified bleaching effluent (abbreviated as OBE) and biobleaching of oxygen-delignified kraft pulp (OKP) were conducted using a non-white rot fungus Geotrichum candidum Dec 1 (abbreviated as Dec 1) which has ability to decolorize various synthetic dyes and molasses. Dec 1 decolorized up to 77% of OBE for 6 days. In addition, Dec 1 increased the brightness of OKP from 47.8% to 51.2% and decreased the kappa value of OKP from 12.4 to 10.4 points during a 6-day incubation period at a 25% of pulpconcentration. At 2% pulp-concentration, the brightness of OKP increased by 13% and the kappa value of OKP decreased by 4 points only for a 3-day incubation period. When the decolorized OBE was used for bleaching of OKP, the brightness of OKP increased to 62.7% under the shaking culture to a 2% pulp-concentration using culture fluid of decolorized OBE. It was revealed that Dec 1 is a potential to apply for decolorization of wastewater and biobleaching of pulp in paper-mills.     

PMS/Cl^-体系中橙黄Ⅱ脱色的影响因素和机理

为考察橙黄Ⅱ在单过硫酸盐(PMS)/Cl^-体系中的脱色过程和脱色机理,研究了初始pH值、PMS初始浓度、Cl^-初始浓度、反应温度等因素对橙黄Ⅱ在PMS/Cl^-体系中脱色效能的影响,通过自由基猝灭试验和活性氯浓度的检测,确定了不同pH值条件下PMS/Cl^-体系中的主要活性氧化物种。结果表明:橙黄Ⅱ在PMS/Cl^-体系中的脱色受pH值的影响;橙黄Ⅱ在该体系中的脱色过程符合准一级反应动力学方程,增加PMS和Cl^-的初始浓度均能提高橙黄Ⅱ在PMS/Cl^-体系中的脱色率;升高反应温度有利于橙黄Ⅱ的脱色;体系中橙黄Ⅱ脱色过程的主要活性物种随着pH值的变化而不同,在酸性条件下体系中橙黄Ⅱ的脱色主要通过活性氯(主要为HOCl)的氯化作用实现,在碱性条件下体系中橙黄Ⅱ的脱色主要由单线态氧(1O2)的氧化导致。该研究结果可为染料废水的治理提供新思路。     

Color removal efficiency of dyes using nanozerovalent iron treatment

In this study, zerovalent iron nanoparticles (Fe⁰) were synthesized by chemical reduction method using ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃?·?6H₂O) as a starting material. Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) was used as a reducer. The synthesized nanozerovalent iron (NZVI) was separated using magnets. The X-ray diffraction pattern of iron (Fe) nanoparticles showed that the presence of intensive diffraction peak at 2θ value of 45.33° from the lattice plane of face-centered cubic Fe unequivocally indicates that the particles are made of pure Fe. The size of the synthesized NZVI was found to be 16.64?nm. The scanning electron micrograph revealed that the particles have a hexagonal and spherical shape in nature. EDX showed the surface atomic distribution and chemical composition of NZVI. The decolorization efficiency rose with increasing concentration of nanoparticles as well as with time. Maximal color removal efficiency was 90.72% when using 0.5?g/100?mL Fe nanoparticle for acridine orange. Data revealed that the function of NZVI on color removal efficiency was statistically significant. The correlation coefficient between NZVI concentration and time showed a strong negative correlation for dyes used in the experiment.     

NaOH改性落叶松锯木屑对活性染料的吸附性能

通过间歇式试验研究NaOH改性落叶松锯木屑对活性染料KN-B、K-2BP和KN-R的吸附脱色性能。结果表明,酸性条件下该改性木屑对3种染料均具有较好的脱色效果。在初始pH值为3时,3种染料的吸附脱色率均表现为随温度升高而逐渐降低,随改性木屑用量的增加而增加的趋势;而随染料初始浓度的增大,表现出先升高后降低的趋势。在初始pH值为3、温度为298 K条件下,3种染料在改性锯木屑上的等温吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,KN-B、K-2BP和KN-R的最大饱和吸附量分别为22.32、10.47和14.93 mg.g-1,吸附自由能ΔG298 K分别为-12.61、-9.77和-14.45 kJ.mol-1,均为物理性自发吸附过程。试验条件下,KN-R、KN-B和K-2BP的吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学吸附方程,吸附速率常数依次减小。综合等温吸附和吸附动力学研究结果表明,3种染料的脱色效果以KN-R为最好,KN-B次之,K-2BP最差。