偶氮染料废水的生物脱色研究进展

对偶氮染料脱色的厌氧以及好氧生物方法进行了综述,内容包含偶氮还原酶的分析、纯化和脱色动力学研究,以及编码偶氮还原酶基因的克隆表达,和表达所得酶与原始酶的活性以及动力学的对比研究方面。     

Effect of viscosity, basicity and organic content of composite flocculant on the decolorization performance and mechanism for reactive dyeing wastewater

A coagulation/flocculation process using the composite flocculant polyaluminum chloride-epichlorohydrin dimethylamine (PAC-EPI-DMA) was employed for the treatment of an anionic azo dye (Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP dye). The effect of viscosity (ηup), basicity (B = [OH]/[Al]) and organic content (W_P) on the flocculation performance as well as the mechanism of PAC-EPI-DMA flocculant were investigated. The ηup was the key factor affecting the dye removal efficiency of PAC-EPI-DMA. PAC-EPI-DMA with an intermediate ηup (2400 mPa.sec) gave higher decolorization efficiency by adsorption bridging and charge neutralization due to the co-effect of PAC and EPI-DMA polymers. The W_P of the composite flocculant was a minor important factor for the flocculation. The adsorption bridging of PAC-EPI-DMA with ηup of 300 or 4300 mPa.sec played an important role with the increase of W_P, whereas the charge neutralization of them was weaker with the increase of W_P. There was interaction between W_P and B on the removal of reactive dye. The composite flocculant with intermediate viscosity and organic content was effective for the treatment of reactive dyeing wastewater, which could achieve high reactive dye removal efficiency with low organic dosage.     

多相流染料废水的臭氧高级氧化脱色行为研究

以亚甲基蓝(MB)模拟染料废水,研究了多相流中染料的臭氧氧化脱色动力学,考察了活性炭、缓冲条件下的pH值以及羟基自由基(.OH)捕获剂对染料脱色行为的影响。试验结果表明,染料MB的臭氧氧化脱色过程符合伪一级动力学。活性炭的相界面催化作用能够促进染料的脱色,当颗粒状活性炭(GAC)浓度由3 g/L增大至15 g/L时,脱色速率呈现增大的趋势,且粉末状活性炭(PAC)催化脱色能力更强。缓冲条件下的pH增大,脱色速率明显加快,而且添加活性炭(>9 g/L)比自由基较活跃(pH=12.7)时的脱色速率常数k提高了一倍。强碱性(pH=12.7)缓冲条件下加入足够量(0.003 mol/L)羟基自由基捕获剂,结果表明HCO3-捕获自由基的能力强于叔丁醇,但由于捕获剂对自由基反应路径的控制作用依然有限,导致染料的脱色速率仍比酸性(pH=2.5)条件下快。     

活性炭处理皂素废水及其再生的实验研究

采用活性炭对皂素废水进行吸附处理,研究了活性炭投加量、吸附时间及吸附次数对皂素废水色度去除率的影响.同时,研究了在微波辐照条件下,微波功率和辐照时间对吸附皂素废水后的活性炭脱附的影响.结果表明,当活性炭投加量为0.13g·mL-1时,吸附12h后皂素废水的色度去除率为96.17%.此条件下活性炭可以重复吸附皂素废水3次(按照色度去除率70%为限).当微波功率为500W、辐照时间为30min时,活性炭可被有效地再生,活性炭的再生率可达79.75%.     

δ-MnO2膜-蒙脱石复合体对次甲基蓝的氧化降解与吸附去除

合成了δ-MnO2及不同Mn含量（4.8%、25.5%、34.9%）的3种δ-MnO2膜-蒙脱石复合体（FHT-1、FHT-2、FHT-3）.在模拟酸性环境中（pH = 4.0、4.7、5.5）,通过膜分离和加入强还原剂两种实验方法定量探讨了以颗粒态和膜形态存在的δ-MnO2的吸附和氧化作用各自在次甲基蓝脱色中的相对贡献及环境地球化学意义.结果表明,在pH = 4.0~5.5范围内,膜态δ-MnO2对次甲基蓝的氧化脱色率随pH降低而升高,吸附脱色率随pH降低而降低.蒙脱石的存在阻碍了δ-MnO2的结晶,增加了其无定形程度,致使膜态δ-MnO2比颗粒态δ-MnO2具有更强的氧化活性,能更有效地氧化有机物次甲基蓝.由于锰氧化物膜在自然环境中广泛存在,以前用颗粒态锰氧化物模拟研究对有机物的非生物氧化可能在一定程度上低估了天然锰氧化物的氧化效率.     

恒电流下电生成活性氯降解活性艳红K-2BP

以Pt片作工作电极和辅助电极,NaCl为支持电解质,研究了活性艳红K-2BP的电化学脱色降解行为。通过循环伏安法与整体电解获得其电化学反应特性,经调控溶液的性质考察了不同体系对其降解效果的影响。实验结果表明,在pH为6、NaCl浓度为0.2mol/L、电流密度为60mA/cm2和室温条件下,30mg/L的活性艳红K-2BP经电化学降解1h,脱色率可达94.4%。pH对活性艳红K-2BP的脱色率影响较大,初始pH越小,脱色率越高。     

含硫化黑染料废水混凝脱色的试验研究

文章针对含硫化黑染料废水的色度大、成分复杂的特点,采用混凝法对染料废水的脱色问题进行了研究。研究表明使用无机混凝剂氯化铁和硫酸铝处理含硫化黑染料废水时,铁盐的脱色效果要明显好于铝盐,当水样呈现中性或偏碱性,氯化铁的投药量为0．28g／l,染料初始浓度为250mg／l时,处理效果最佳,脱色率达到96．8％。同时还探讨了将有机混凝剂PAM与氯化铁进行复配处理含硫化黑染料废水的效果。结果表明当PAM投加量为0．12g／l,氯化铁的投加量为0．28g／l时,复合混凝剂的脱色效果最好,脱色率高达98．8％。     

Degradation of Reactive Yellow 86 with photo-Fenton process driven by solar light

The decolorization of Reactive Yellow 86(RY 86),one of reactive azo dyes,was investigated in the presence of Fenton reagent under solar light irradiation.The decolorization rate was strongly influenced by pH,initial concentrations of H 2 O 2 and Fe(II),and so on.An initial concentration of 40 mg/L was decolored more than 90% after 20 min under optimum conditions.The activation energy of the solar photo-Fenton reaction was 1.50 kJ/mol for RY 86 in the temperature range of 10-60°C.In the kinetic study,the rate constant of RY 86 with OH· radicals could be estimated to be 1.7 × 10 10 L/(mol·sec).The decolorization efficiency of RY 86 under solar light irradiation was comparable to the artificial light irradiation.The decrease of TOC as a result of mineralization of RY 86 was observed during photo-Fenton process.The rate of RY 86 mineralization was about 83% under UV irradiation after 24 hr.The formation of chloride,sulfate,nitrate and ammonium ions as end-products was observed during the photocatalytic process.The decomposition of RY 86 gave two kinds of intermediate products.The degradation mechanism of RY 86 was proposed on the base of the identified intermediates.     

羧甲基壳聚糖和稀土联合使用处理印染废水

为提高印染污水处理效果,以羧甲基壳聚糖和硝酸镧为絮凝剂,研究了羧甲基壳聚糖和硝酸镧联合使用时羧甲基壳聚糖和硝酸镧的投加量、溶液pH、温度、沉淀时间对印染污水的脱色率、除浊率、氨氮去除率和COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,当羧甲基壳聚糖浓度为400mg/L,稀土硝酸镧浓度为20mg/L,反应温度45℃,pH2.5,沉降时间为4h时对印染污水的脱色率和除浊率分别是95%、96.69%,COD的去除率80%,氨氮去除率70%;羧甲基壳聚糖与硝酸镧联合使用的絮凝效果优于单独使用羧甲基壳聚糖。     

黄孢原毛平革菌对6种染料的脱色降解

在黄孢原毛平革菌与6种染料的液体静培养体系中,不同浓度的染料均发生脱色降解。共培育30 d时,刚果红、直接冻黄G和活性翠蓝KN－G达到92%～99％的脱色率。10,50,100 mg/L活性翠蓝KN－G,50,100 mg/L金莲橙O与天青蓝A,100 mg/L活性艳蓝KN－R的降解率达70%以上;18个样品中60%的降解率超过50%。生物吸附和生物降解是2个重要过程。研究表明,黄孢原毛平革菌对各种染料类群具有广谱有效的脱色降解能力。