A NET BENEFIT MODEL FOR RECREATION PLANNING AT DRINKING WATER RESERVOIRS1

A management model was developed for determining levels of recreation activities at public drinking water reservoirs. Quabbin Reservoir, located in central Massachusetts, served as a case study for the model. An interdisciplinary research team was formed to study the impact of selected recreation activities on water quality, public demand and willingness to pay for selected recreation activities, carrying capacity constraints, and the economic cost/benefits associated with increases in recreation at the Quabbin Reservation. Study variables were integrated into a quadratic programming model, producing the number of participants that corresponds to maximum net benefits for specific development packages on design days. The recreation mix associated with maximum net economic benefits was found to be cost-effective (assuming the use of reasonable entrance fees) and not deleterious to water quality. However, as a result of the findings of a related study, it was recommended that nutrients, particularly from wastewater, not be permitted to enter the reservoir, since the current phosphorous level may be at a critical point. Management techniques that would safeguard against this occurrence were recommended. The model was sensitive to management objectives; recommendations were limited to activities that would not lower the existing high quality of Quabbin water.     

FLEXIBLE PRICING IN WATER SUPPLY PLANNING–FOR FLEXIBLE ENGINEERS1

ABSTRACT. Preliminary results from a digital simulation model designed to test time-varying water pricing policies are presented. Stochastic inflows feeding a water supply reservoir are assumed for a hypothetical community with defined demand functions. Prices are allowed to vary as a function of reservoir level, generally rising as reservoir levels fall. Increasing, decreasing and constant rates are tested. It is concluded that varying the price to reflect the increased value of scarce supplies can greatly reduce the risk of water supply shortages. It is also concluded that varying incremental (conservational) pricing policies not only reduces the risk of shortages, but also lowers the average price to the community while rewarding the low consumption user with lower average rates.     

THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF WATER REALLOCATIONS ON AGRICULTURE IN IDAHO1

ABSTRACT: Economics is concerned with the allocation of resources between alternative uses. Traditionally, in the western United States, water resources have been committed to agriculture and irrigation. Other competitive uses such as power, industry, and recreation are challenging this allocation. What are the impacts of shifting water out of agriculture into other uses, is a question that needs to be given consideration. Ilia paper attempts to evaluate the tradeoff between using farm land for either irrigated or dryland production and the resulting impacts on gross farm income and the average price of land. Baaed on historical data, reducing irrigated acreage and increasing dryland acreage could greatly reduce both farm income and the equity in farming. The model presented in this paper should be useful for evaluating the tradeoffs between dryland and irrigated land use, especially when there are gat differences in productivity such as those that exist in the inter-mountain region of the Western United States.     

再生资源产业人才需求与院校专业人才培养分析

再生资源产业的快速发展产生了巨大的人才需求,资源循环专业也随之在高等院校中建立起来。如何实现专业人才供需的有机对接,有力地促进再生资源产业的现代化发展,成为亟需解决的难题。分析了再生资源产业发展的现状以及专业人才需求,以及院校资源循环专业人才培养的现状与问题,对促进再生资源产业人才供需对接提出了一些建议。     

低温等离子体-臭氧催化氧化降解硫化氢气体的耦合效果与调控方法研究

利用低温等离子体在降解污染过程中产生的副产物臭氧,开展了低温等离子体-臭氧催化氧化耦合工艺同时去除硫化氢和臭氧研究,考察了催化剂粒径、空床停留时间、催化反应温度、等离子体输入功率等工艺参数对硫化氢降解和副产物臭氧浓度的影响。研究发现:臭氧需求因子(Df)与催化床层出口的硫化氢与臭氧浓度之间有一定的对应关系,ln(Df)介于3~4时,尾气中硫化氢和臭氧的浓度可分别维持在5.0×10-6,3×10-6m3/m3以下;等离子体能量密度SIE/Cin与ln(Df)值成明显的正相关:ln(Df)=30.924SIE/Cin-3.5622。对于进气浓度(Cin)和气体流速(Q)皆已知的硫化氢废气,通过调控输入功率(P)来调控SIE使ln(Df)值在3~4,可使耦合工艺具有最佳的去除效果,实现硫化氢和臭氧最佳去除。     

印制板生产中油墨废水的COD处理研究

油墨废水占印制电路板生产废水总排水量的5%左右,是一种高浓度的有机废水,化学需氧量指标值COD可达15 000 mg/L。一种可行的、有效的去除油墨废水中有机成份的方法对印制电路板生产废水总体的COD达标至关重要。本文探讨了光助Fenton（UV-Fenton）法中FeSO4.7H2O与H2O2的用量配比、pH值、紫外光光照时间和反应温度等因素对油墨废水COD处理效果的影响。     

印制电路板生产中油墨废水处理技术研究

油墨废水占印制电路板生产废水总排水量的5％左右,是一种高浓度的有机废水,CODCr质量浓度达15000mg／L。一种可行的、有效的去除油墨废水中的有机成份的方法对印制电路板生产废水总体的CODCr达标至关重要、在此探讨了光助Fenton（UV—Fenton）法中m（FeSO4·7H2O）：m（H2O2）配比、pH值、反应温度和紫外光光照时间等因素对油墨废水处理CODCr效果的影响,并进行了光助Fenton法和酸化凝聚法处理油墨废水CODCr的实验比较。     

短暂交替曝气方式在PSB法处理高浓度苯胺废水中的应用研究

为了降低高动力消耗,探讨不同时间不同方式的曝气处理对光合细菌处理苯胺废水效果的影响,利用酸化-PSB-活性污泥法工艺处理高浓度毒性苯胺废水,在24 h的停留时间下,比较PSB阶段不同曝气时间对苯胺废水处理效果的差异.结果表明:不同时间的曝气处理对光合细菌处理苯胺废水的效果存在差异.曝气时间为2 h的反应器处理效果最佳,COD去除率达96.1%,苯胺去除率达97%,同时,相邻周期交替采用1.2 h曝气处理,废水COD去除率可提高20%以上,苯胺去除率提高了10.9%～14.2%.     

Application of a novel backwashing process in upflow biological aerated filter

To improve the efficiency of backwashing in upflow biological aerated filter (BAF), a novel backwashing process named air-water siphon backwashing (AWSB) was proposed and applied on laboratory scale. The effects of backwashing on turbidity and suspended solid (SS) in backwashing efluent using this new backwashing process were compared with those of traditional backwashing process, namely air-water backwashing (AWB). In AWB, the turbidity of backwashing efluent maintained 100 NUT when consumed 60 min and 10....     

Lims系统发展历史及在环境监测站的应用

介绍了Lims系统的发展历史和最新概况,阐述了Lims系统在环保系统的实验室应用意义:提高监测站综合监测能力和分析水平,建立起快速高效的质量监督信息化平台,确保监测工作更好地为管理、科研及客户服务。应该具有的主要功能:实验室管理和业务流程控制。系统实施的主要步骤:需求调研、信息收集、详细需求设计、软件设计、运行调试等。关键词: