基于虚拟现实技术的喷射火事故三维动态仿真及应用

基于Shell模型的原理和计算方法,把喷射火焰视为近似倒立圆台形,构建了不同风向影响下的喷射火三维模型,运用虚拟现实技术和三维可视化技术对喷射火事故进行模拟与仿真。以Delphi和OpenGL/GLScene为开发工具,实现了喷射火三维模型的程序化与三维场景绘制,同时引入粒子特效系统,实现了喷射火焰燃烧的实时动态仿真,完成了喷射火三维动态可视化软件系统的开发。最后,利用该系统进行实例分析。应用表明:虚拟现实技术与事故后果模拟相结合,使整个系统实现实时性和形象性的统一,虚拟现实技术在化工行业具有广泛应用前景,也为事故后果预测评估提供科学依据。     

基于信息融合的建筑施工安全预警管理研究

针对建筑业安全事故率居高不下的现状,找出事故频发的主要原因。基于主要原因中人、机、环境和管理4方面数据和信息的复杂性、不确定性,提出采用信息融合技术的D-S证据理论法对建筑施工全过程中的人、机、环境、管理4方面的数据和信息进行分析和预测,并构建建筑施工安全预警管理预测模型。该预测模型能判断建筑施工项目的"安全状态",能解决建筑施工中安全事故及危险源的预测问题;同时针对具体情况采取防范措施,及时矫正安全隐患和确保安全施工。将D-S证据理论法应用于建筑施工安全预警管理中,扩展了建筑施工安全管理的手段。     

我国非煤矿山安全生产科技进展与科技需求分析

在我国所称非煤矿山是指除去煤矿之外的所有矿山,包括露天矿山、地下矿山和联合开采矿山。近年来,我国针对非煤矿山安全重大科技问题开展了一些研究工作,科技投入有较大幅度增加,开展的国家“十一五”重点支撑项目“非煤矿山典型灾害防治关键技术研究与示范工程”等取得了一些成果。但是,非煤矿山的重大和特别重大生产安全事故发生频率仍处于较高水平,安全生产形势依然严峻,很多非煤矿山重大技术难题仍没有得到解决,急需研究适应我国非煤矿山特点的尾矿库安全技术、采空区治理技术、深井开采安全技术、高风险气田开发安全技术、自然灾害次生衍生生产安全事故预防技术等。     

国内外危险化学品安全管理体系探讨

长期依赖法律法规的主导作用而忽略危险化学品安全技术的研究,使得危险化学品安全管理和安全技术的基础薄弱,已经严重阻碍了我国危险化学品安全管理体系的完善。本文介绍了国内外危险化学品安全管理的最新研究进展。在结合国际研究热点和先进安全管理模式的基础上分析了当前我国危险化学品安全管理存在的主要问题,并提出了我国危险化学品安全管理的应对措施、今后的研究重点和发展趋势。     

支撑排污许可制度的固定源监测技术体系完善研究

排污许可制度是固定源核心管理制度,对污染源监测技术提出"便捷、智能、精细"的发展要求,依规发证、依证管理2个阶段均需要污染源监测技术的有效支撑.针对当前污染源监测技术体系现状,应进一步完善自行监测技术指南体系,对发证行业指南实施情况跟踪评估,适时修订;为将工业园区纳入核发排污许可证范围扎牢基础,制定工业园区自行监测技术...     

Strategies used to Guide the Design and Implementation of a National River Monitoring Programme in South Africa

This article explores the strategies that were, and are being, used to facilitate the transition from scientific developmentto operational application of the South African River Health Programme (RHP). Theoretical models from the field of the management of technology are used to provide insight into the dynamics that influence the relationship between the creation and application of environmental programmes, and the RHP in particular. Four key components of the RHP design are analysed,namely the (a) guiding team, (b) concepts, tools and methods, (c) infra-structural innovations and (d) communication. These key components evolved over three broad life stages of the programme, which are called the design, growth and anchoring stages.     

Laboratory-scale study of the suppression of PCDD/F emission during coal and MSW co-incineration

The experimental test of co-incinerating Chinese raw municipal solid waste （MSW） and coal in a laboratory-scale tubular reactor was first reported in present study, and the emission of normal gas components and the effects of the S/Cl molar ratio or coal mixing percentages on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans （PCDDs/Fs） emission were investigated and discussed. The results indicated that OCDD was the only PCDD homologues since others like TCDD-HpCDD was hardly detected, while as the categories of PCDF homologues were comparatively much more general. The amount of PCDD was much larger than that of PCDF in all operating conditions. Since ZPCDF/∑PCDD〈〈1, the dominant role of the precursor formation was proven in our experimental conductions. With increasing the coal addition to MSW （from 0 to 16%）, PCDD and PCDF were reduced considerably. Coal and MSW may suppress the PCDD/F emissions efficiently （over 95%） during the MSW incineration process. The PCDD/F suppression results of the present study could be helpful guidance to the industrial application of Chinese MSW and auxiliary coal co-incineration processes. The PCDD/F stack emission data of two industrial incinerators using co-incineration technology in China seem to have a great positive reduction of PCDDs/Fs.     

Experimental study on MSW gasification and melting technology

In order to develop municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification and melting technology, two preliminary experiments and a principle integrated experiment were fulfilled respectively. The gasification characteristics of MSW are studied at 500-750℃ when equivalence ratio (ER) was 0.2-0.5 using a fluidized-bed gasifier. When temperature was 550-700℃ and ER was 0.2-0.4, low heat value (LHV) of syngas reaches 4000-12000 kJ/Nm3. The melting characteristics of fly ash were investigated at 1100-1460℃ using a fixed-bed furnace. It was proved that over 99.9% of dioxins could be decomposed and most heavy-metals could be solidified when temperature was 1100-1300℃. The principle integrated experiment was carried out in a fluidized-bed gasification and swirl-melting system. MSW was gasified efficiently at 550-650℃, swirl-melting furnace maintains at 1200-1300℃ stably and over 95% of fly ash could be caught by the swirl-melting furnace. The results provided much practical experience and basic data to develop MSW gasification and melting technology.     

基于微震监测技术在矿山安全管理中的应用研究

在井下巷道工程设计多个微震监测系统传感器站网空间布置方案,地震信号由传感器采集并进行前置放大,传至井下数据交换中心,经A/D转化后的数字信号再经由光缆传至地表监测控制中心相连的计算机,利用监测数据对矿山地震活动及岩爆与地压活动进行分析研究、实时的监测和预报.应用该微震监测技术对冬瓜山铜矿的事件定位精度和系统灵敏度的分析,对人工震源定位及定位精度进行的验证实验以及对冬瓜山矿区井下各种振动波形进行的识别和分析,取得了很好的效果.微震监测系统的建立对于推动我国矿山地压灾害监测和安全管理水平具有重要参考意义.     

中国燃煤电厂SCR技术的应用现状和发展

对中国燃煤电厂氮氧化物污染现状进行了分析,造成大气污染的主要污染物之一是氮氧化物,而氮氧化物的排放中有70%来自煤炭的直接燃烧.介绍了选择性催化还原法(SCR)技术及其在中国燃煤电厂的应用,并指出了中国燃煤电厂SCR脱硝技术的发展方向.