话语视角下旅游目的地形象的社会建构--以杭州市为例

从话语视角出发,运用建构主义分析方法分析了杭州市旅游目的地的社会建构,指出杭州旅游发展历经了“政治话语下的风景疗休养城市”、“市场话语下的天堂城市”和“市民话语下的品质生活城市”3个时段。结果发现:叙事要素从西湖的“局部视角”扩散到社会的“全景敞视”;建构方式由“去生活化”转变为“日常生活的回归”;驱动机制经“旅游外交”、“市场产业化”发展到“增长联盟”。由此,旅游目的地形象建构从外延式的营销招徕转向内涵式的身份认同,突出“杭儿风”的形象特质和生活美学。     

基于选择实验法的城市生态系统服务价值评估——以四川温江为例

对城市生态系统服务价值的全面认知是实现城市生态系统可持续发展的基础。论文以四川温江为例,首先,基于选择实验法,构建城市生态系统服务功能属性指标和设置属性水平,了解温江居民对不同状态水平的选择偏好;然后,采用Mixed Logit模型对居民城市生态系统服务效用函数进行拟合,探讨生态系统服务各属性隐含价格和居民补偿剩余;最后,对温江城市生态系统服务价值进行评估。结果表明：1）温江居民对于城市生态系统服务功能偏好由高到低分别为城市小气候、水环境、空气质量、城市噪声污染和休闲娱乐文化。2）各生态系统服务功能属性指标隐含价格分别为：为了在5 a内实现温江城市生态系统服务功能各指标预设目标,空气质量达标天数比率每提高1%,当地居民支付意愿为399.45元/(人·a);河流综合污染指数每下降1%,当地居民支付意愿为564.03元/(人·a);一类地区环境噪声比每降低1%,当地居民支付意愿为295.25元/(人·a);夏季最高温度比每提高1%,当地居民支付意愿为630.81元/(人·a);人均公共绿地面积比重每提高1%,当地居民支付意愿为219.29元/(人·a)。3）为在5 a内实现目标,温江居民的整体人均意愿支付成本为113.59元/(人·a),据此可以计算得出目前温江城市生态系统服务全价值为3 733.08万元/a。     

Time delay,complexity and support for taxation

People often experience the benefits of taxation over time. We design an intertemporal market experiment with negative externalities to examine how delaying the benefits of taxation affects support for taxes. We find that when negative externalities occur immediately, people learn to adopt Pigouvian taxes, which are aimed at reducing negative externalities and restoring market efficiency. By contrast, when negative externalities are delayed, people are less receptive to taxation. This effect persists over time. Our data reveal that the strong negative delay effect can be explained in large part by narrow bracketing and the increased perceived complexity of the environment, rather than by time discounting per-se. We argue and demonstrate that increasing the transparency of intertemporal tradeoffs can effectively promote support for taxation.     

基于突变理论的目的地旅游安全评价研究

目的地各种旅游突发事件频发,旅游安全的不确定性愈发凸显,旅游安全评价是目的地旅游安全与应急管理的当务之急。依据目的地旅游安全系统的概念及结构,目的地旅游安全系统包括三个子系统,即核心子系统、辅助子系统和保障子系统,并以此构建了目的地旅游安全评价指标体系,同时应用突变理论模型评价方法,对2005~2011年上海市旅游安全度进行测定和判断。结果显示:上海市旅游安全度总体呈上升趋势波动,基本都处于安全区,存在潜在风险。科学合理的旅游安全评价为目的地旅游风险预警、风险防范及规避提供参考。     

吸收塔浆液起泡原因分析及消泡剂的选择

针对在多个湿法脱硫项目中出现的吸收塔浆液起泡现象,分析了引起塔内浆液起泡的原因,提出了相应的处理措施,探讨脱硫吸收塔浆液起泡专用消泡剂的作用原理及选择原则。     

Build it,but will they come? Evidence from consumer choice between gasoline and sugarcane ethanol

How consumers might switch from gasoline and diesel to alternative energy sources is not known, since the availability of alternatives is currently very limited. To bridge this gap, we exploit exogenous variation in ethanol prices at Brazil's pumps and uncover substantial consumer heterogeneity in the choice between long-established gasoline and an alternative that is similarly available and usable: sugarcane ethanol. We observe roughly 20% of flexible-fuel motorists choosing gasoline when gasoline is priced 20% above ethanol in energy-adjusted terms ($/mile) and, similarly, 20% of motorists choosing ethanol when ethanol is priced 20% above gasoline. We use transaction-level data to explore “non-price” characteristics which differentiate the two goods in the minds of different groups of consumers. Our findings suggest—and a counterfactual illustrates—that switching away from gasoline en masse, should this be desired, would require considerable price discounts to boost voluntary adoption, in the US and elsewhere.     

A critique of ethical and social issues of genetically modified crops

SUMMARY

The ethical and social issues of genetically modified crops as reported by the Nuffield Bioethics Committee are summarised. A critique of their findings is presented. It is argued that the apparent benefits are outweighed by the ecological, social and economic costs, and that the yields of some genetically modified crops are poorer when compared to conventional species. Furthermore, the current regulations are far too lax for consumer protection. There is an urgent need for a critical and disinterested review of the scientific basis of the research.     

哈尼梯田地区农户粮食作物种植结构及驱动力分析

哈尼稻作梯田系统作为全球重要农业文化遗产（GIAHS）,具有极高的生态、经济、文化价值。近年来,以粮食产量增长为导向的农耕技术和作物品种单一化趋势,给哈尼梯田地区带来了严重的生态和食品安全问题。论文以农户生产行为作为切入点,从主要粮食作物的经济效益、耕地资源特征、村落发展类型、农户的家庭特征与资源禀赋进行实证研究,分析了哈尼梯田地区农户粮食作物种植结构现状及驱动因素。结果表明：1）调查涉及的41.23 hm²有效耕地中,按种植总面积排序,杂交稻、玉米、水果类作物位居前三。2）本地传统粮食作物--梯田红米,种植总面积和户均种植面积远小于经济效益较高的杂交稻和兼有饲料用途的玉米。同时,农户倾向于将其种植在质量较差、海拔较高的耕地上。3）作物的经济效益和耕地海拔及质量对替代性作物（如杂交稻和红米）的种植选择影响较大;个体农户层面上,农户特征与资源禀赋在不同程度上对不同作物的种植选择产生影响。     

新型复合式除尘器

针对电、布除尘器的特点,提出了一种新型静电布袋混合式除尘器,并已应用于工业中。在没有使用任意阀门的前提下,该产品将电除尘器和布袋除尘器结合在一起,取长补短,充分发挥了电除尘器能大量收尘、节能、维护检修工作量小,还可捕集高比电阻和低比电阻等特殊干性粉尘,解决了电除尘难以净化的含微米或亚微米烟尘的难题。兼具布袋除尘器对粉尘粒度和比电阻不敏感、排放浓度低的优点。一级静电除尘器效率可达90%,对于粉尘浓度为30 g/m3左右的燃煤锅炉,经过静电除尘后进入滤袋的粉尘浓度只有3 g/m3。对于这种粉尘浓度,滤袋的清灰周期可达3 h以上。由于清灰周期的大大增长,可大大提高滤袋的寿命。该产品性价比优良、占地面积少、结构简单。尤其在净化效率、气体阻力等主要技术指标方面达到了环保要求。     

临港产业的国内外经验及对江苏的启示

探讨临港产业的基本理论,借鉴发达国家和地区发展临港产业的先进经验,结合江苏沿海地区发展临港产业的优势条件,提出石油化工、汽车制造、风电装备制造、海洋工程、物流集散五大优势临港产业基地建设是临港产业发展的重点,旨在为江苏沿海地区临港产业发展提供新思路.