几种工业废水可生化性判定指标的验证与评价

测定了几种工业废水的可生化性指标BOD5/COD比值和相对耗氧速率,根据模拟生物氧化塘的动态运行试验结果,提出以耗氧速率(R％)作为可生化性的判定指标,它比BOD5/COD比值测定快速,方法简便,更接近实际,并得出两个指标与生物塘COD去除率之间相关性的线性回归方程,为选择废水生物塘处理方案、预估其对COD的去除效率提供了理论依据。      

基于粒计算的尾矿库安全评价不确定性研究

为了进一步提高尾矿库的安全管理水平,更好地预防和控制尾矿库事故,分析了尾矿库安全评价不确定性的3个来源:地理环境的不确定性、评价依据的不确定性、评价过程的不确定性;结合粒计算的理论知识,对尾矿库安全评价的不确定性从一级粒度、二级粒度上进行研究,并构建尾矿库安全评价不确定性的商空间模型;根据模糊聚类方法,计算影响元素的相似矩阵,建立了尾矿库安全评价不确定性的影响因素的分层递阶结构。结果表明:该研究明确区分了尾矿库安全评价不确定性因素,有利于提高尾矿库评价结果的准确性。     

Effects of Impervious Area and BMP Implementation and Design on Storm Runoff and Water Quality in Eight Small Watersheds

The effects of increases in effective impervious area (EIA) and the implementation of water quality protection designed detention pond best management practices (BMPs) on storm runoff and stormwater quality were assessed in Gwinnett County, Georgia, for the period 2001‐2008. Trends among eight small watersheds were compared, using a time trend study design. Significant trends were detected in three storm hydrologic metrics and in five water quality constituents that were adjusted for variability in storm characteristics and climate. Trends in EIA ranged from 0.10 to 1.35, and changes in EIA treated by BMPs ranged from 0.19 to 1.32; both expressed in units of percentage of drainage area per year. Trend relations indicated that for every 1% increase in watershed EIA, about 2.6, 1.1, and 1.5% increases in EIA treated by BMPs would be required to counteract the effects of EIA added to the watersheds on peak streamflow, stormwater yield, and storm streamflow runoff, respectively. Relations between trends in EIA, BMP implementation, and water quality were counterintuitive. This may be the result of (1) changes in constituent inputs in the watersheds, especially downstream of areas treated by BMPs; (2) BMPs may have increased the duration of stormflow that results in downstream channel erosion; and/or (3) spurious relationships between increases in EIA, BMP implementation, and constituent inputs with development rates.     

Changes in Tundra Pond Limnology: Re-sampling Alaskan Ponds After 40 Years

The arctic tundra ponds at the International Biological Program (IBP) site in Barrow, AK, were studied extensively in the 1970s; however, very little aquatic research has been conducted there for over three decades. Due to the rapid climate changes already occurring in northern Alaska, identifying any changes in the ponds’ structure and function over the past 30–40 years can help identify any potential climate-related impacts. Current research on the IBP ponds has revealed significant changes in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of these ponds over time. These changes include increased water temperatures, increased water column nutrient concentrations, the presence of at least one new chironomid species, and increased macrophyte cover. However, we have also observed significant annual variation in many measured variables and caution that this variation must be taken into account when attempting to make statements about longer-term change. The Barrow IBP tundra ponds represent one of the very few locations in the Arctic where long-term data are available on freshwater ecosystem structure and function. Continued monitoring and protection of these invaluable sites is required to help understand the implications of climate change on freshwater ecosystems in the Arctic.     

Naphthenic acid biodegradation by the unicellular alga Dunaliella tertiolecta

Naphthenic acids (NAs) are a major contributor to toxicity in tailings waste generated from bitumen production in the Athabasca Oil Sands region. While investigations have shown that bacteria can biodegrade NAs and reduce tailings toxicity, the potential of algae to biodegrade NAs and the biochemical mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, we discovered that the marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta is able to tolerate five model NAs (cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, cyclohexaneacetic acid, cyclohexanepropionic acid, cyclohexanebutyric acid and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid) at 300 mg L⁻¹, a level which exceeds that of any single or combination of NAs typically found in tailings ponds. Moreover, we show that D. tertiolecta can metabolize four of the model NAs. Analysis of NA-amended cultures of D. tertiolecta via low resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed us to quantify decreasing NA levels, identify metabolites, and formulate putative mechanisms of biodegradation. Degradation of cyclohexanebutyric acid and cyclohexanepropionic acid proceeded via β-oxidation and resulted in the transient accumulation of cyclohexaneacetic acid and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, respectively. Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was metabolized via 1-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid suggesting that further degradation may occur by step-wise β-oxidation. When D. tertiolecta was inoculated in the presence of oil sands tailings water from the Athabasca region, biodegradation of single-ring NAs was observed relative to controls. This result corroborates the trend we observed with the single-ring model NAs.     

稳定塘工艺改良与试验研究

笔者从稳定塘结构与净化机理研究,结合厌氧生物膜法、吸附过滤法和稳定塘技术,提出稳定塘工艺改良技术—生物滤塘。本文通过对生物滤塘与传统稳定塘进行对比试验分析,结果表明：当水力停留时间相同时,生物滤塘较传统稳定塘具有较高的COD、NH3-N和TP去除效率,有机负荷调试试验中,当COD浓度达800mg/L时,生物滤塘仍然保持较好的运行状态,COD平均去除率较稳定塘提高了28.8%。     

生物酶催化技术在水污染应急处置中的应用

针对城市生活污水处理厂滞留污水中的高浓度难降解污染物质,提出采用生物酶催化技术对滞留污水进行应急处置,可在最短的时间内有效去除污染物,无二次污染,为环境污染应急处置提供了有效措施。     

巢湖滨岸水塘洼地沉积物反硝化速率及对外源碳氮的响应

2018年10月至2019年8月,在巢湖西半湖北侧滨岸筛选3个典型水塘洼地,采集表层沉积物及上覆水样,开展外源碳氮浓度梯度培养实验,解析底质反硝化速率对碳氮的限制性,并识别主要环境影响因素.结果表明：①洼地蒲草、水塘芦苇、水塘蒲草等3种植物丛沉积物对照样的反硝化速率[mg·（kg·h）^-1]分别为2.15~10.87（均值为6.47）、2.08~10.65（均值为6.97）、2.06~10.88（均值为6.76）,彼此间差异性不显著;②总体上,外源氮（硝态氮）的添加可以明显提高沉积物的反硝化速率,表明硝态氮为反硝化过程的限制性因素;③外源碳（葡萄糖）的添加导致植物丛沉积物反硝化速率明显下降,表明有机碳对沉积物反硝化产生了抑制作用;④外源碳氮同时添加明显提高了沉积物反硝化速率,除10月洼地蒲草丛和6月水塘蒲草丛低碳氮浓度沉积物反硝化速率相对较高以外,其它情形均表现为高碳氮浓度沉积物反硝化速率更高.     

闽江口鱼虾混养塘水-气界面温室气体通量及主要影响因子

以闽江口区鳝鱼滩湿地分布的鱼虾混合养殖塘为研究对象,于2011年9月-2012年1月,采用悬浮箱-气相色谱法对养殖塘白天水-气界面CO2、CH4和N2O的通量进行观测,并同步测定地面气象及养殖塘表层水的物理、生物和化学指标.结果表明,观测期间养殖塘水-气界面CO2、CH4和N2O 3种温室气体通量变化范围分别为-22.15 ～74.79 mg·m-2·h-、0.08～6.62mg·m-2·h-1和-9.82 ～ 47.16μg·m-2· h-1,平均值分别为21.04、3.15 mg·m-2ˉh-1和16.58 μg·m-2·h-1,整体均表现为大气中3种温室气体的排放源.养殖塘水-气界面3种温室气体通量特征受到人类管理行为(水质管理和饵料投放等)、养殖鱼虾的觅食和代谢过程及气象因子和水体理化性质等诸多因素的共同影响.     

亳清河水体细菌群落的结构和分布特征

城镇生活和工业生产均会对水生环境中细菌群落的结构和分布产生影响.亳清河是黄河小浪底水库的重要支流,流经铜尾矿库和城镇,为了厘清亳清河水体中的细菌群落结构和分布特征,通过采集亳清河沿线具有空间代表性的水体样品,分析亳清河水体中细菌群落的多样性特征,探讨了其与重金属等环境因子的响应关系.结果表明,亳清河下游细菌群落丰富度和多样性高于上游,表现出先降后升的趋势,在汇入小浪底水库之前达到峰值,在铜尾矿库及其附近水体中具有最低的群落丰富度和多样性;变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、Limnohabitans、假单胞菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)分别是亳清河水体中的主要优势菌门和主要优势菌属;不动杆菌属在城镇水体中具有最高的相对丰度,其与TC显著正相关;黄杆菌属与As具有共现性且显著正相关,As对亳清河流域致病菌的传播可能具有促进作用.研究结果对多因素影响下的水体健康评估具有重要...