Comparative effects of five chelating agents on testicular toxicity in mice induced by acute exposure to cadmium

The aim of this study was to develop new antidotes for cadmium (Cd) since this metal is known to produce mammalian toxicity. N-p-hydroxymethylbenzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (HBGD), N-benzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (BGD), diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL), and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were studied for their ability to inhibit the adverse effects induced by Cd on mouse testes. The parameters examined included concentrations of Cd, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in testes, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in testes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in serum and reproductive ability of male mice. Mice injected intraperitoneally (ip) with CdCl₂ (2.5?mgCd?kg^?1) after 30?min or 24?h, were then injected ip with chelating agents (400?µmol?kg^?1). Cd increased the concentrations of testicular Ca, Cd, Fe, Zn, and LPO levels as well as the activity of LDH in serum. HBGD and BGD effectively prevented the increase in above indices, and improved the reproductive ability weakened by exposure to Cd. The results suggested that HBGD and BGD are more effective detoxificants in the case of testicular toxicity in mice induced by acute exposure to Cd.     

Introducing a new metal accumulator plant and the evaluation of its ability in removing heavy metals

A field study was conducted in a dried waste pool of a lead (Pb) mine in Arak (Iran) to find the accumulator plant(s) and to evaluate the amount of metal bioaccumulation in the root and shoot portion of the naturally growing vegetation. Concentrations of heavy metals were determined both in the soil and the plants that were grown in the dried waste pool. The concentrations of total Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni in the waste pool were found to be higher than the natural soil and the toxic levels. The results showed that six dominant vegetations, namely, Centaurea virgata, Eleagnum angustifolia, Euphorbia macroclada, Gundelia tournefortii, Reseda lutea, and Scariola orientalis accumulated heavy metals. Based on the results, it was concluded that E. macroclada belonging to Euphorbiaceae is the best Pb accumulator and also a good accumulator for Zn, Cu, and Ni. The bioaccumulation ability of E. macroclada was evaluated in experimental pots. The study showed that the amount of heavy metals in polluted soils decreased several times during two years of phytoremediation. The accumulation of metal in the root, leaves, and shoot portions of E. macroclada varied significantly, but all the concentrations were within the toxic limits. Based on the obtained data, E. macroclada is an effective accumulator plant for soil detoxification and phytoremediation in critical conditions.     

生物法解毒六价铬技术的应用现状与进展

生物法治理含铬废水、废渣具有经济、高效且无二次污染等优点,引起了国内外的广泛关注．文章介绍了生物解毒六价铬技术在国内外的研究现状和进展．总结了解毒机理及工艺存在的问题。并指出了这一技术的研究热点和发展前景。     

苏州河底泥中重金属的烧结无害化研究

采用有氧烧结法和还原烧结法处理苏州河底泥,研究了底泥中重金属的无害化效果.结果表明,有氧烧结温度900℃以上时,对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd去除率达40%～65%;烧结温度为500～900℃时,尽管对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd去除效果不明显,但能有效抑制其溶出.有氧烧结法不仅不能实现Cr的去除,而且会增加Cr的溶出,这是由于有氧烧结过程中Cr(III)被转化为Cr(VI),而底泥对Cr(VI)的吸附能力很有限.还原烧结法则能有效防止底泥中Cr(III)向Cr(VI)的转化,从而抑制包括Cr在内的重金属的溶出.     

铬渣处理处置技术研究进展

介绍了国内外铬渣处理处置技术的研究现状,并对各种处理处置技术的解毒机理、工艺条件及过程、优缺点、以及实践应用状况进行了分析.     

铬渣的危害与解毒技术

本文介绍了铬渣的产生过程和主要成分,以及我国铬渣的产生和污染现状;介绍了化学处理法、物理/化学法、熔烧法和固化/稳定化处理法等铬渣解毒技术原理;概括了目前国内主要的铬渣综合利用方式.     

植物络合素及其合酶在重金属抗性中的功能研究进展

Under heavy metal stress, higher plants initiate a set of defense responses, among which biosynthesis of phytochelatins (PCs) is important. PCs are rich in cystein and biosynthesized by phytochelatin synthase. The chemical structure of PCs and their ability to form complexes with a large range of metal ions is clear. Up to now, these peptides are known to play an important role in both endogenous metal ion homeostasis and heavy metal ion detoxification. The mechanism of cadmium tolerance is illustrated in detail. A model of this mechanism suggested that the detoxification process of cadmium include such steps as PCs induction, transport of cadmium into the tonoplast, formation of the HMW-Cd-PCs complexes and sequestration in vacuole. At the same time, PCs also have other functions, such as detoxification of arsenic, protecting enzyme from metal ion inhibition and supplying metal ion as a cofactor to the enzyme potentially. However, a lot of questions about its biological function remain to be answered. In 1999, three independent labs isolated the genes encoding the PCs synthase. This breakthrough of plant heavy metal tolerance research gave us a chance to further study the heavy metal tolerance mechanism. All the results from the reserch of PCs have a ffreat application potential in phytoremidation. Fig 1, Ref 25     

等离子体熔融生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中试试验

等离子体熔融飞灰是安全处置飞灰的方法之一。为了获取具有工程应用价值的数据,采用中试规模的等离子体炉在连续进料、出料状态下大批量地熔融飞灰,研究了熔渣、二次飞灰和尾气等产物的特性,测算熔融处理单位质量飞灰的能耗。结果表明：得到的水淬熔渣和自然冷却熔渣的密度分别为3.01和2.90 g/cm³;重金属浸出毒性远低于GB 5085.3—2007《危险废物鉴别标准 浸出毒性鉴别》的标准限值;所采用的等离子体装置在处理280 kg飞灰的连续试验中,飞灰处置能耗为1.12 kW?h/kg;二次飞灰的产率为7.1%,其主要成分为NaCl和KCl。