长江中游盆地地质环境系统演变与防治对策

在构造沉降,泥沙淤积及人工围的相互的相互作用下,长江中游盆地质环境系统分割为演变化方向不同的两部分,堤外水域成为人工过饱盆地,堤内垸地成人为人工饥饿盆地。,长江某些区段及洞庭湖 水位抬升,垸地高程不断降低,洪涝渍害不断加剧。     

Climate Change Daaptational Deficiencies in Developing Countries: the Case of Sub-Saharan Africa

Adaptation is nowrecognized as an inevitable component ofthe overall climate change responsestrategy. For a developing region likesub-Saharan Africa with low greenhouse gasemissions and high vulnerability to theimpacts of climate change, the importanceof adaptation in climate change policy iseven more fundamental. This paper examined alook at the adaptational preparedness ofthe sub-Saharan African region to climatechange. Clearly evident in theenvironmental strategy and developmentfocus of these countries is lack ofrecognition of the need to adapt, poorincentive to adapt and low capacity toadapt to climate change. This furtherexacerbates their vulnerability and hasimplications for the global climate changeresponse strategy. Unfortunately, fewattempts have been made to understand thestructural reasons underlying the pervasivepattern of adaptational unpreparedness inthe region, neither has there been acomprehensive and systematic analysis ofhow to remedy this problem. This paper is acontribution in this regard. It alsohighlights the factors to whichinternational community need to payattention, if it truly wishes to make itsefforts at adaptation more global inscope.     

关于显色时间对磷工作曲线影响的分析

本文利用钼锑抗分光光度法测定水中磷的监测方法,通过简要的理论、实验分析,得出采用该方法的最佳显色时间为15分钟至30分钟等经验性结论。     

上海世博会突发环境事故应急预案系统研究探讨

针对中国2010年上海世博会可能发生的各类突发环境事故,提出应集成运用数据库、GIS、数学模型、专家系统等多种技术手段,特别是提出采用CBR技术,开发世博会突发环境事故应急预案系统。以提高世博会运行管理时期对各类突发环境事故的预防和处理处置能力;指出环境事故应急预案的主要研究工作应包括应急预案的种类、内容、支撑技术体系,以及应急预案系统的规划、建设与运行管理等;给出了需要解决的关键技术问题和系统开发方案。     

基于CFD的卧式高固厌氧消化混合策略优化

高固厌氧消化(High solid anaerobic digestion,HSAD)在实际生产运行中,与传统厌氧消化相比,存在混合效果差、能量转换效率低等缺点。基于计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)研究了不同桨叶角度的搅拌桨对生产规模反应器混合效率的影响。并根据不同工况下的能量转换效率和能量消耗,确定了最佳工况。结果表明,随着桨叶角度从30°增加到60°,径向和轴向混合均有明显改善,但在高转速下的改善效果不明显。考虑到实际工程应用,建议采用低转速和大桨叶角度。因此,建议反应器采用桨叶角度为60°的搅拌桨,转速为1 r·min⁻¹(净能量产出为0.023 GJ·d⁻¹·m⁻³)。本研究结果可为实际工程中HSAD反应器的混合策略提供参考。     

大气环保产业链分析与对策建议

在大气污染治理需求迫切,国家大力推动大气环保产业发展的背景下,基于对大气环保产业链概念和内涵界定的基础上,从主导功能、产品类型、市场情况等方面分析了大气环保产业链上、中、下游不同环节的特点及发展现状。大气环保产业链的上游是供应链,主要为中、下游企业提供原材料、零部件、技术及产品的研发等;中游是生产链,主要包括除尘、脱硫、脱硝、VOCs治理等设备的生产;下游是服务链,主要包括大气环境技术、大气环境咨询、大气污染设施运营、大气环境贸易与金融服务业4类。在分析大气环保产业链各环节发展存在问题的基础上,从加强技术创新驱动,提升大气环境服务业的综合服务能力,健全政策、法规体系等方面提出了优化产业链的建议。     

秦皇岛市发展循环经济与对策研究

客观地介绍了循环经济产生的社会背景及发展趋势、国内外发展循环经济的成功经验,阐述了发展循环经济的理论基础及实践意义,详细地提出了秦皇岛市发展循环经济的奋斗目标、实施对策.     

西藏阿里地区的林业资源及其发展方向探讨

该文对西藏阿里地区林业资源的类型、数量、质量特征和生产现状进行了深入分析,同时,探讨了该地区林业生产存在的“资源结构简单、后续资源极端贫乏;资源分布不均,水平和垂直分异突出;宜林荒山荒地资源面积大,造林任务艰巨、生态环境破坏严重”等主要问题,提出了如下的对策和建议:①健全林业行政管理体制,加强林业资源管理;②节省薪柴,保护生态环境;③实行林地承包制,大力兴办林业;④加强林业科技投入,以科技兴林,走林业可持续发展之路。     

Design for occupational safety and health of workers in construction in developing countries: a study of architects in Nigeria

Purpose. Design for safety (DfS) of workers is amongst the prominent ways of tackling poor occupational safety and health performance in construction. However, in developing countries there is extremely limited research on DfS. This study thus makes an important contribution to the subject of DfS in developing countries by specifically examining the awareness and practice of DfS amongst architects within the construction sector of Nigeria. Materials and methods. A survey of architects, yielding 161 valid responses, was conducted. Results. While there is high awareness of the concept of DfS, the actual practice is low. Additionally, although there is high interest in DfS training, the engagement in DfS training is low. Significantly, awareness of DfS, training and education related to DfS, and membership of a design professional body have very limited bearing on the practice of DfS by architects. Conclusions. The findings are thus symptomatic of the prevalence of influential DfS implementation barriers within the construction sector. Industry stakeholders should seek to raise the profile of DfS practice within the sector. Furthermore, similar empirical studies in the construction sector of other developing countries would be useful in shedding light on the status of DfS in these countries.     

Behavioral influences on driver crash risks in Ghana: A qualitative study of commercial passenger drivers

Objectives: Though there is a growing body of literature on crash risks in the developed world, little is known about how well these models apply to motoring in developing countries, the context in which the majority of road traffic fatalities occur. This qualitative study explores factors perceived to influence crash risks for commercial drivers in Ghana.

Method: Twenty commercial drivers of varied ages and experience were sampled from 7 major lorry terminals in 3 regions (Greater Accra, Ashanti, and Volta) of Ghana. Data were collected through semistructured interviews.

Results: The participants identified some issues that are shared with drivers in the developed world, though moderated by the Ghanaian context. These included work pressures (e.g., fatigued driving), speeding, distracted driving, and inadequate vehicle maintenance. Other factors identified by participants are less frequently considered in research addressing driving behavior in developed countries. These included aggressive competition over passengers and corruption (e.g., improper licensing practices), among others.

Conclusion: The findings have implications for building a research base to support the development of road safety policy and interventions in developing countries.