我国森林公园旅游开发与规划研究综述

在阅读大量文献资料的基础上,试图从森林公园旅游资源调查与评价、森林公园旅游规划与建设、森林公园旅游产品开发、森林公园旅游资源开发问题与对策、森林公园旅游资源的开发与保护、森林公园景观资产的评估、森林公园旅游解说系统等方面对国内有关森林公园旅游开发与规划的研究进行了系统综述。在此基础上,对中国森林公园旅游开发与规划以后的研究进行了展望。     

桂北特色古民居开发管理模式探讨

广西桂北地区是少数民族的主要聚居地之一,其民居具有浓郁的民族风格。通过阐述古民居开发的特点、模式,在分析桂北民居资源特色的基础上,根据桂北古民居的实际情况,提出了桂北古民居开发管理模式的可选择方案。     

Revolution or inch-by-inch? Campaign approaches on climate change by environmental groups

Climate change is a significant environmental, social and environmental problem that has been identified by scientists in consensus internationally. The Australian Government’s response is considered by environmental non-government organisations (NGOs) to be inadequate. NGOs are ‘change agents’ of society, and in this role they are agitating to influence political decision-making on climate change response. This paper outlines the campaign strategies being used by Australian NGOs to attract public and political attention to the issue of climate change. Using seven NGOs as case studies, the archival materials of these organisations were accessed and analysed. Current academic and other literature also was used to reflect on their effectiveness. Four campaign themes and, within these, fifteen activities were identified. The results indicate that the notion of whether NGOs are undertaking an ‘revolutionary’ or ‘incremental’ approach, or any other narrow strategic approach put forward by various scholars is too simple for analysing campaigns: none of the NGOs appear to intentionally favour one type of strategy. The question raised by this finding is whether the NGOs’ current ‘multi-strategic’ approach is effective. This research contributes to filling the information gap with regard to NGO campaign strategies on environmental issues, and highlights the need for further research.     

莆田市气象灾害及减灾对策研究

根据近17年的莆田市气候影响评价资料,结合实地调查,对莆田市台风、暴雨、冰雹、干旱、寒潮等主要气象灾害的基本特点进行了分析。研究表明,近17年莆田市危害最大的气象灾害是台风灾害,其次为洪涝灾害,揭示了几种主要气象灾害之间的相互关系,并提出相应的减灾对策。     

"耕读文化"的旅游开发利用研究——以浙江楠溪江流域古村落为例

浙江永嘉县楠溪江流域是典型的“耕读文化”分布区,具有巨大的旅游开发价值,但目前流域内旅游开发力度不够、开发方式单一、开发效益较低。其中有管理体制问题、资金问题和如何协调开发与保护关系问题,但最核心的问题是没有找到将地方旅游资源转换为具体旅游项目或旅游产品较好的方式,特别是由于“耕读文化”的抽象性、隐含性及具体存在形式的零散性,开发时比其它旅游资源的难度更大。基于楠溪江旅游开发这一核心问题,从旅游项目策划、产品开发角度探讨了楠溪江“耕读文化”的旅游开发。     

HIV risk and prevention in emergency-affected populations: a review

While basic guidelines on HIV prevention in emergencies have been available for several years, international agencies involved in the provision of health services have not placed sufficient priority on the prevention of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in complex emergencies. This paper reviews the factors that may increase the risk of HIV transmission in populations affected by complex emergencies and outlines recommendations for research and programmes. Research into the most appropriate methods of carrying out HIV surveillance and interventions in these settings is needed. In the post-emergency phase programmes need to be far more extensive than those offered under the Minimal Initial Services Package (MISP). While the potential for stigmatization represents an important constraint, there is a need to prioritize HIV/STI interventions in order to prevent HIV transmission in emergency-affected populations themselves, as well as to contribute to regional control of the epidemic.     

关于注册安全工程师执业资格制度发展战略的几点思考

提出注册安全工程师发展战略中的几个重要环节,阐述实施注册安全工程师制度的重大意义;结合注册安全工程师的岗位特点和安全工程学科的属性,提出注册安全工程师科学的立体分类的方法,指出注册安全工程师须具备的安全知识和能力;根据现阶段我国安全生产形势的需要和安全生产人才队伍状况,分析现阶段我国安全生产领域急需管理型注册安全工程师,他们应具备的知识、技能结构;针对注册安全工程师的考试平台、注册安全工程师的发展及其使用等重大战略问题进行讨论并提出了关于注册安全工程师制度建设几点建议。     

INCOME AND PRICE ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND FOR WATER IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES1

ABSTRACT: The income and proce elasticity of demand for domestic water is estimated for Penang Island, Malaysia. A cross-sectional analysis of a random sample of 1400 households indicated an income-elasticity of zero for low-income families (per capita income less than US$300) and an elasticity of 0.2-0.4 for higher-income families. A time-series analysis of a subsample of individuals of varying income levels suggests a short-run price elasticity of -0.1 to -0.2. The implications of these results for demand forecasting are discussed.     

The Area Production Model: a tool and concept for sustainable land-use and forest-resource management

In developing countries, planning in the forestry sector has been seen as an appropriate instrument to prepare and implement government policies and programs. Despite its potential and recent advancements in, for example, remote sensing and infrastructure, tropical forest land-use planning is often formal and non-integrated with agriculture. It rarely involves all legitimate stakeholders and neglects taking into account actual land-use. The socio-economic and environmental consequences of these shortcomings emphasise the need for alternative ways of approaching planning. This article summarises the idea, structure and current status of the Area Production Model (APM), originally developed in the 1980s, which is now gaining interest as a land-use planning tool in Africa and Asia. It describes the development over time of production and consumption in agriculture and forestry within a defined geographical area operating under different assumptions on management, land use and socio-economic and macro-economic changes. From a narrow perspective, the APM is a fairly simple computerised tool for generating scenarios. In a broad sense, it is a concept comprising the whole planning process including organisation, inventory, data analysis, consensus building and strategy. A case-study in Laos, based on verified data for a historical period of 45 years, and a review of different APM applications in the world over the last 15 years are presented as a base for conclusions about its potential and shortcomings. In some cases where the APM concept was used in training courses and planning exercises involving stakeholders, it generated a strong interest in collecting and analysing relevant information. It provides the means of addressing a number of shortcomings in current planning.     

回顾性环境影响评价的特点及发展趋势

依据回顾性环境影响评价的内涵,结合其发展过程和作用,总结了回顾性环境影响评价工作的主要特点,并探索了今后该项工作的发展趋势。