A Model to Analyze Ergonomics Working Conditions

An ergonomics and safety model to assess and evaluate the most critical industrial improvement areas in a developing nation. This study was initiated and supported by a Fortune 500 Corporation interested in improving its global operations in developing nations. This initiative was also fully supported by an emerging nation that was concerned with its ergonomics and safety problems. The model was tested and validated in the emerging nation and the results were used to further enhance the model so that it can be implemented and adapted to other similar work environments. The model provides a practical methodology that analyzes and evaluates an emerging nation’s current work environments, suggests practical solutions, and recommends effective remedies.     

关于注册安全工程师执业资格制度发展战略的几点思考

提出注册安全工程师发展战略中的几个重要环节,阐述实施注册安全工程师制度的重大意义;结合注册安全工程师的岗位特点和安全工程学科的属性,提出注册安全工程师科学的立体分类的方法,指出注册安全工程师须具备的安全知识和能力;根据现阶段我国安全生产形势的需要和安全生产人才队伍状况,分析现阶段我国安全生产领域急需管理型注册安全工程师,他们应具备的知识、技能结构;针对注册安全工程师的考试平台、注册安全工程师的发展及其使用等重大战略问题进行讨论并提出了关于注册安全工程师制度建设几点建议。     

印染废水处理技术进展

从工程应用及研究探索2个方面综述了国内外印染废水治理现状和进展，特别是近年来出现的一些新技术。探讨了印染废水等难降解有机污染物处理的发展趋势。     

浙江省印染行业环保综合整治对策研究

文章简要分析了浙江省印染行业在全国的地位、浙江省印染行业的特点、存在问题及与发达国家和其它省份的差距。介绍了印染行业的发展趋势和浙江省印染行业发展的优、劣势。分别从规划"十二五"期间的印染行业污染总量控制和节能减排以及顺应印染行业发展趋势的产业升级、清洁生产两方面提出相应的整治对策。并就整治对策的效果提出相应的保障措施。就环保综合整治的进度作出相应的安排。     

吉林省生物入侵的现状及对策

通过对吉林省通化地区野外实地调查及全省有关外来物种的文献资料分析,依据7种危害性较强的外来入侵种(稻水象甲、日本松干蚧、栗山天牛、菜豆象、美洲斑潜蝇、松针红斑病菌、三裂叶豚草)的生物生态学特性及其被入侵地的特征,总结了吉林省生物入侵的现状.包括:入侵种传播速度快,传播途径以无意引入为主;被人侵地多为人工生物群落,并且聚集在生物多样性较丰富的东部地区;其危害性造成的直接经济损失严重.针对这些现状,提出了相应的防治对策,即要有效防预、有效控制、有效恢复、加紧研究、加强合作、加大宣传,力争最大限度地降低生物入侵给吉林省带来的损失.     

地震灾害下城市供水网络韧性评估及优化研究

为提升城市供水网络应对地震灾害的能力,基于性能响应函数(PRF)方法,引入基础设施网络均衡理论,设计综合考虑城市供水网络物理状态和输送能力的性能时程响应函数,构建贯穿结构和功能双维度的地震灾害下城市供水网络韧性评估方法;从灾害概率、灾害后果、恢复速度、恢复程度等4个关键因素出发,提出城市供水网络网状扩张、管道延性改造、...     

我国珍稀濒危物种适应气候变化的对策探讨

基于气候变化下部分珍稀濒危物种脆弱性分析,初步提出了适应对策,探讨了部分物种适应措施。气候变化下,珍稀濒危物种脆弱性表现在物种分布范围减少、破碎化和失去原分布范围、丰富度下降、种群数量减少、物种灭绝、栖息地退化或消失等。珍稀濒危物种适应气候变化需要分析物种自然适应机制,加强就地保护,增加种群数量,开展迁地和遗传保护,减少其它干扰,保护和恢复栖息地,建立自然保护区适应对策等。每个物种需要分析目前濒危程度和气候变化下的脆弱性来提出适应对策。     

A metapopulation approach of the dynamics of arthropods from Mediterranean-type ecosystems

In this paper we developed a general stage-structured, Leslie-type model, suitable to simulate dynamics of soil arthropods under typical Mediterranean conditions. In order to explore arthropods’ life-history strategies in relation to enhanced spatial heterogeneity of the Mediterranean ecosystems, metapopulation characteristics were considered and different habitat quality regimes, in terms of dominant microclimatic conditions, were taken into account. Environmental stochasticity in temperature and humidity was incorporated into the model, and an elasticity analysis was conducted to quantify contribution of different life-history traits to metapopulation growth rate. The application of the model revealed well-known life-cycle characteristics of Mediterranean arthropods, such as seasonally fluctuating population sizes and skewing phenologies, a fact that confirms models’ reliability. Furthermore, the model seems able to elucidate controversial points of the animals’ life-cycle development, such as the long-term maintenance of populations in the field and the underlying mechanisms related to the adjustment to the specific features of the Mediterranean ecosystem. Subpopulations inhabiting various microsites display different dynamics and the interaction between these subpopulations, via dispersion, seems to be able to ensure stochastic equilibrium for the system. Dispersal appears to play a decisive role, allowing arthropods to conform to spatial severities and habitats fragmentation, rescuing individuals and recolonizing previously extinct habitats.     

黄土高原两种针叶树种不同器官水碳氮磷分配格局及其生态化学计量特征

植物不同器官水、碳、氮、磷等元素含量及其生态化学计量特征能够反映植物的生态策略及其环境适应性。本研究以黄土高原两种乡土树种油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)和柴松(Pinus tabulaefirmis f.shekanensis)为研究对象,分析了研究区两种树种水、碳、氮和磷在不同器官的含量及其生态化学计量特征,探讨了两种树种基于水、碳、氮和磷分配格局的生态适应策略。结果表明:(1)油松和柴松对水分和碳素的分配格局总体表现为根和叶最大,其次为枝和干,树皮最小;对氮、磷的分配格局则表现为叶片显著高于其他器官。(2)油松将更多的水和氮分配给叶、根等生产性器官,而柴松将更多的水和碳分配给枝、干等防御性器官,反映了柴松较油松具有更加保守的生长策略,能够更好适应逆境条件。(3)植物器官不同元素间通过相互耦合后可以表现出较好的相关性,反映了植物元素之间具有高度复杂的协同关系,这种协同关系的体现形式可能与植物类型及其对外界环境变化的生长适应策略密切相关。     

江苏沿海化工区环境风险分级及优先管理策略研究

以江苏沿海40家化工园区为例,综合考虑化工园区评价单元与环境风险区域性、系统性和行业性特征,构建了包括风险源、控制机制、风险受体3项一级指标、9项二级指标的环境风险分级综合模型,提出以指标贡献率作为优先管理策略的半定量筛选依据.结果表明,研究区域内共有江苏响水陈家港化工集中区、江苏连云港化工产业园区、如皋精细化学工业园等7个高风险园区,其风险产生与园区产业结构、园区地理布局紧密相关.根据指标贡献度将7个高风险化工园区划分为两类化工园区:一类是以受体敏感性为主控风险因素的化工园区;一类以风险源以及风险控制为主控因素的化工园区.针对这两类化工园区,分别从环境监管、提高清洁生产水平、化工企业数量总量控制、污水处理厂及配套管网建设等方面提出优先管理策略.