我国污染地块安全开发利用模式与安全性评价方法

随着对污染地块安全开发利用认识的不断深入,污染地块安全开发利用模式及开发利用的安全性评价日益受到重视。从广义和狭义2个层面分别阐述了污染地块安全开发利用模式的含义,并重点对“四分”总体修复策略和“五个特性”技术策略共同构成的狭义层面上的安全开发利用模式进行了阐释,分析了影响模式选择的5个影响因素。在此基础上,构建出一套包含5个一级指标、10个二级指标的污染地块开发利用“安全性”评价指标体系,提出了各指标的评价方法。本研究旨在提出对我国在污染地块安全开发利用模式及安全性评价方法开展深入研究,并为污染地块修复技术的比选和评价、开展修复（管控）工程的评价提供参考,进而推动我国污染地块的绿色可持续发展。     

Transforming urban planning processes and outcomes through creative methods

Inclusively delivering the sustainable development goals (SDGs) remains challenging, particularly in urban areas, where some of the most pressing concerns exist. To achieve the transformative SDG agenda, new methods are required to overcome current deficits in engagement around inclusion and equitable outcomes. Evaluating against theories of governance and inclusion, we test a mixture of digital and physical creative methods abilities to deliver co-designed solutions that influence mobility and road safety planning outcomes in East African cities. Greater inclusion led to improved interactions of citizens with decision makers, and the identification of novel, practical solutions, delivering some elements of transformation. Risks include creative methods being used to co-opt communities to official agendas, and institutional planning norms needing to adapt to respond to a wider range of stakeholders. Overall, where risks are mitigated, we recommend that using Creative Methods could localise SDG delivery, ensuring more equitable and effective outcomes from infrastructure development investments.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01436-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Using a process-based model to understand dynamics of Chinese agricultural and water technology development from 8000 bc to 1911 ad

Advancements in technology are inextricably bound to our society and the natural environment. However, how the development process of a technology system interacts with both remains unclear. We propose a process model to understand the complex dynamics among technology, society, and the environment via seven interactive elements: technologies, actors, receiving bodies, natural contexts, social contexts, temporal–spatial contexts, and outcomes. The model was applied to agricultural and water technology development in China from 8000 bc to 1911 ad. Our findings show that these elements did not play equally important roles in different periods of the development in ancient China, with social contexts most dominating during the earlier periods and both social and environmental concerns arising towards the later periods. The proposed model, by identifying the elements in the technology development that should be strengthened, can act as an analysis device to assist in reconfiguring a more sustainable socio-technological system.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01424-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

USB反应器进行生物反硝化的研究现状与应用前景

综述了USB反应器进行生物反硝化的历史沿革、研究现状 ,并对其在研究中存在的问题进行了描述。最后 ,对USB反应器进行生物反硝化的应用前景作了科学的分析     

基于降水等级分异方法的低影响开发小区雨水径流污染负荷削减率的评估

为定量评估低影响开发(LID)技术对雨水径流污染负荷的削减率,选取嘉兴市柳岸禾丰小区作为LID小区,与其临近且下垫面类型相似的浅水湾小区作为传统小区,同步监测小区的外排水量和TP浓度,根据降水等级分异计算2个小区同等降水情景下单位面积污染负荷量,再以传统小区的单位面积污染负荷量为基准核算LID小区的雨水径流污染负荷削减率。结果表明：小雨时,LID设施可消纳其服务范围内的所有径流及所携带的污染物,污染负荷削减率达100%;当降水量增至超过LID设施功能阈值时,污染物削减率开始降低,中雨时降至67%,大雨时降至46%,年均雨水径流污染负荷削减率约为66%。整体来看,LID设施雨水径流污染负荷削减率表现出明显的降水等级差异。采用降水等级分异的方法能够减少降水等级所造成的误差,确保评估结果的精准程度,为小区LID设施建设提供可靠的决策依据。

     

新发展阶段规划环境影响评价开展范围的几点建议

为满足当前管理需求,在厘清我国现行规划体系构成、类型及相互关系的基础上,系统梳理了空间规划、区域规划、专项规划内容特征与环境影响特点,结合近20年规划环评实践,提出规划环评开展范围调整建议。对于空间规划,建议国家级总体规划不纳入规划环评体系,省级总体规划编写环境影响篇章或说明,市、县、乡镇级总体规划编写环境影响报告书。对于区域规划,建议指导性大区域规划编写环境影响篇章或说明,非指导性大区域规划及新区、产业园区等的开发建设规划编写环境影响报告书。对于专项规划,建议将自然资源开发、能源、交通、水利、农业（含畜牧业、渔业）、工业等专项规划纳入规划环评体系,指导性规划编制环境影响篇章或说明,非指导性规划编制环境影响报告书。

     

环境化学进展动态

本文概述了近年来环境化学包括环境分析化学、环境污染化学、环境污染控制化学、生态化学等方面研究的一些新进展     

Development and Adoption of a Simple Nonpoint Source Pollution Model for Port Phillip Bay,Australia

New computing tools and approaches allow tailored development of software to meet the needs of environmental managers. The processes required for such tailoring fit well with adaptive management concepts where, as knowledge and system understanding develop among managers, the software can be developed or replaced to match. This paper reports on development and adoption of a simple nonpoint source pollution modeling tool, including technical aspects of data support for modeling and social aspects of software design. The software, named FILTER, used a unit load model to generate expected pollutant loads from subcatchments of Port Phillip Bay, Australia. Monitoring data were used for calibration to modify the delivery of generated pollutants to receiving waters. Spatial, tabular, and charting software components were used to provide alternative forms of output visualization. FILTER was developed using a process that resulted in manager-stakeholders taking responsibility for setting of model parameter values and operation of the user interface, thereby encouraging uptake. The inclusive development process, tailoring of the software to manager needs and styles of usage, and matching of model complexity to data and knowledge, resulted in a successful application that has become the current agreed system representation among disparate stakeholder organizations.     

Transforming open mining pits into fish farms: Moving towards sustainability

The legacy of mining activities has typically been land ‘returned to wildlife’, or, at some sites, degraded to such an extent that it is unsuitable for any alternate use. Progress towards sustainability is made when value is added in terms of the ecological, social and economic well‐being of the community. In keeping with the principles of sustainable development, the innovative use of flooded open pits and tailings impoundments as commercial, recreational or ornamental fish farms should be considered in some locations, as it could make a significant contribution to the social equity, economic vitality and environmental integrity of mining communities. This article highlights the growing significance of aquaculture and explores the benefits and barriers to transforming flooded pits and impoundments into aquaculture operations. Among other benefits, aquaculture may provide a much‐needed source of revenue, employment and, in some cases, food to communities impacted by mine closure. Further, aquaculture in a controlled closed environment may be more acceptable to critics of fish farming who are concerned about fish escapes and viral transmissions to wild populations. Despite the potential benefits, aquaculture in flooded pits and impoundments is not without its complications — it requires a site‐specific design approach that must consider issues ranging from metals uptake by fish, to the long‐term viability of the aquatic system as fish habitat, to the overall contribution of aquaculture to sustainability.     

生态足迹分析方法及其在国内的应用

生态足迹分析方法是90年代提出的可以定量的反映一个国家、地区、城市的可持续发展程度分析的计算模型。本文介绍了生态足迹模型的理论依据和计算方法,分析了生态足迹分析方法在我国的应用,并且指出了生态足迹分析方法的优缺点及其改进。