一起水轮发电机横差保护动作原因分析及故障处理

针对一起水轮发电机横差保护动作故障进行分析,找出故障原因,提出改进措施。分析结果表明:由于7号、8号磁极间连片烧断,导致绕组发生匝间短路,引起横差保护动作;更换7号、8号磁极后,机组运行正常,再未发生横差保护动作现象。     

Differential Impacts of Flood Hazards Among the Street Children,the Urban Poor and Residents of Wealthy Neighborhoods in Metro Manila,Philippines

This paper presents thedifferential impacts of flood hazards amongstreet children, the urban poor andresidents of wealthy neighborhoods in MetroManila, Philippines. It argues that beingpoor is not the only reason why certainsectors are more vulnerable to floods orany environmental hazards – spatialisolation and lack of participation indecision making intensify their presentand future vulnerability, as well. Archival research, interviews, focusedgroup discussion, participant observationand surveys of populations at risk areemployed to delineate the flood experiencesand coping strategies of street childrenand residents of poor urban settlements andwealthy neighborhoods in Metro Manila atthe household and community levels. Theconcept of entitlement, the ContextualHazards Model, and the Access Model areused in the data analysis andinterpretation. Several policyrecommendations on hazard management anddisaster mitigation are identified toreduce flood losses in Metro Manila.     

一起集合式并联电容器爆裂故障原因分析

针对一起集合式电容器炸裂故障,通过对故障原因的排查和分析,结合现场实际提出了改进措施。应用结果表明:将集合式电容器改造为散装框架式布置的电容器组,解决了运行年限较长集合式电容器组故障率高、维修困难、修后故障易复发等问题,有效提高了电容器设备安全稳定运行水平。     

特高压换流站直流穿墙套管故障动作策略优化

针对特高压换流站直流穿墙套管故障导致健全换流器闭锁的问题,采用一种增加特高压换流站换流器差动保护区域的方法,避免单极闭锁后发生直流系统接地电流过大引起直流偏磁的危害。应用结果表明:直流穿墙套管故障引起健全换流器自动重启策略对直流系统利用率有着显著提升。     

变压器差动保护校验自动计算模块的开发应用

针对主变压器差动保护校验时计算复杂且容易出错的情况,以南瑞RCS-978主变压器差动保护为例,对目前广泛应用的两种典型主变压器差动保护校验方法进行分析,开发了基于EXCEL的主变压器差动保护校验自动计算模块。应用结果表明:该自动计算模块减少了差动保护校验的复杂性,提高了差动保护校验的正确性和效率。     

基于欧洲航天局“哨兵-2A”卫星的太湖蓝藻遥感监测

欧洲航天局(ESA)2015年6月23日成功发射\"哨兵-2A\"卫星,该卫星搭载的多光谱成像仪(MSI)在可见光(VIS)至短波红外(SWIR)波长区间配置了多种光谱波段/地面分辨率组合,可以获取大范围、较短重访周期、较高空间分辨率(10 m)的遥感影像。以太湖2016年6月13日MSI数据为例,在完成大气校正的基础上,分析了太湖典型地物类型光谱特征,采用归一化植被指数(NDVI)结合叶绿素反射峰强度(ρchl)构建的综合阈值法对贡湖湾的蓝藻水华信息进行了提取实验。结果表明:\"哨兵-2A\"卫星MSI影像质量清晰,可精细地反映植被、蓝藻、水体等典型地物类型的光谱特征;ρchl指数对中-高蓝藻聚集区与水生植被、轻度蓝藻聚集区与混合水体具有较好的分离能力;利用综合阈值法提取贡湖湾中-高蓝藻聚集区面积为60.37 km2,主要分布在贡湖北部沿岸、湖心和南部沿岸。\"藻-水\"混悬体面积为79.49 km2,贡湖湾东部蓝藻水华相对较轻。     

纳米TiO_2/Nafion修饰金电极溶出伏安法测量痕量铜

利用纳米二氧化钛(nano-TiO2)的结构特性,采用滴涂法制备了一种nano-TiO2/Nafion修饰金电极,采用差分脉冲溶出伏安法实现了水样中痕量铜的检测。详细研究了Cu2+在nano-TiO2/Nafion修饰金电极上的电化学响应行为,并讨论了nano-TiO2/Nafion膜的厚度、溶液pH值、富集电位、富集时间等对Cu2+溶出峰电流的影响。实验结果表明:在pH=2.0硝酸溶液中,-0.5 V恒电位搅拌富集240 s,静置10 s后阳极化扫描,Cu2+在0.25 V左右出现阳极溶出峰。相比于裸金电极,该峰电流大大提高,表明nano-TiO2对Cu2+的溶出具有一定的增敏作用。在最优化实验条件下,10~900 nmol/L范围内,Cu2+的溶出峰电流与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限可达3.2 nmol/L。该修饰电极具有一定的抗干扰能力,将其应用于国标样品和实际自来水样中Cu2+的检测,结果令人满意。     

基于贝叶斯公式的地下水污染源及含水层参数同步反演

针对非均质地下含水层污染源识别及含水层参数反演过程中监测方案优化问题,提出一种基于贝叶斯公式及信息熵最小的累进加井的多井监测方案优化方法.首先,构建假想案例下的二维非均质各向同性潜水含水层水流及溶质运移模型,运用GMS软件进行数值模拟求解.采用最优拉丁超立方抽样方法和Kriging法建立数值模拟模型的替代模型.然后以参数后验分布的信息熵最小为目标函数,采用累进加井的方式进行多井监测方案优化设计.最后根据优化后的监测方案,采用差分进化自适应Metropolis算法进行污染源及含水层参数的同步反演.算例研究表明：在兼顾反演精度及监测成本,并保证每个参数分区内至少有1眼监测井的条件下,5眼井组合监测方案（6,5,1,2,8）为最优监测方案.与信息熵最小的10眼井组合监测方案（1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10）的参数反演结果相比,5眼井组合监测方案对11个参数α=（X_S,Y_S,T₁,T₂,Q_s,K₁,K₂,K₃,DL₁,DL₂,DL₃）的后验均值偏离率的平均值虽增大1.2%,但监测成本却是10眼井组合监测方案的50%.     

多情景模式下应急资源精益配置模型与算法

为提升综合救灾能力,利用情景建模法构建不同的灾害情景;在应急资源有限的约束条件下,以最大化应急救援社会价值为目标,并兼顾分配公平,建立应急资源精益配置模型,主要包括储备库选址与规模设置、不同灾害情景下的物资分配方案制定;利用改进差分进化算法求解模型,并通过数值案例对算法进行验证。结果表明:所建模型有助于实现有限应急资源的社会价值最大化,用改进的差分进化算法能够求得模型的最优解,为决策提供依据。     

Recovery efficiency of the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC‐134a) by activated carbons of different physicochemical properties

The adsorption characteristics of 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (HFC‐134a) on activated carbon were investigated to evaluate the recovery efficiency of HFC‐134a by six activated carbons (two granular activated carbons (GAC1 and GAC2), one high‐surface area activated carbon (HAC), and three activated carbon fibers (ACF10, ACF15, and ACF20)). HFC‐134a adsorption on the activated carbons increased with increase in the specific surface area and pore volume of the activated carbon. The differential heat of the HFC‐134a adsorption decreased with increase in the percentage of the micropore volume to the total pore volume. The adsorption model of HFC‐134a on the activated carbon could be based on the Langmuir model. The constant a of the Langmuir plot of HAC and ACF20 is smaller than GAC1 or GAC2 and ACF10 or ACF15, respectively. The constant W_s of HAC has the largest value. The constant a was correlated to the heat of adsorption. It is concluded that the largest amount of HFC‐134a was adsorbed on HAC, and the least amount of interaction occurred between HFC‐134a and the HAC. The amount of HFC‐134a adsorbed on the activated carbons over time was applied to the Sameshima equation. The adsorption rate constant of HFC‐134a on HAC was the largest. The HAC could be suitable for the recovery of HFC‐134a.