Factors influencing the willingness to pay for sustainable tourism: a case of mass tourism destinations

A 17-month research programme focused on development of an Education for Sustainability (EFS) Global Media Network at Ball State University Indiana was recently concluded. The study results include some surprising conclusions related to the contradictions between the benefits of education for global sustainability and the use of technology to facilitate that educational process in achieving a more sustainable world. This article provides an overview of the EFS Network research programme and a discussion of some of the key results and conclusions related to advantages and disadvantages of technology-based learning. The article then addresses the environmental impact of computer technology manufacturing, use, and after-use. Research findings are utilized to illustrate the ecological footprint of computer-based education. The article concludes with a discussion about achieving a balance between the need for global-to-local sustainable education and the environmental impact of technology use for sustainable education.     

地震应急预案数字化关键技术研究

地震应急预案是地震应急救援的重要组成部分,是对突发地震灾害应急响应和全程管理的操作指南。阐述了地震应急预案在地震应急中的作用和使用现状,指出了数字化地震应急预案的意义。从地震应急预案的形式化描述、数字化建模和地震应急预案数字化系统与其它地震应急技术系统的集成等方面探讨了地震应急预案数字化的关键技术。     

基于DIC技术获取焊接接头单轴拉伸力学性能

目的 获取异种金属焊接接头局部拉伸力学性能.方法 针对压水堆核电机组蒸汽发生器接管与安全端异种金属焊接接头(Dissimilar metal weld joint,DMWJ,其接管材料为20MND 5低合金钢,安全端为Z2 CND 18.12控氮奥氏体不锈钢,焊缝材料为INCONEL 52镍基合金),采用等直圆棒拉伸试...     

Digital disparities and vulnerability: mobile phone use,information behaviour,and disaster preparedness in Southeast Asia

This paper proposes an ecological view to investigate how disparities in mobile technology use reflect vulnerabilities in communities vis‐à‐vis disaster preparedness. Data (n=1,603) were collected through a multi‐country survey conducted equally in rural and urban areas of Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, and Vietnam, where mobile technology has become a dominant and ubiquitous communication and information medium. The findings show that smartphone users' routinised use of mobile technology and their risk perception are significantly associated with disaster preparedness behaviour indirectly through disaster‐related information sharing. In addition to disaster‐specific social support, smartphone users' disaster‐related information repertoires are another strong influencing factor. In contrast, non‐smartphone users are likely to rely solely on receipt of disaster‐specific social support as the motivator of disaster preparedness. The results also reveal demographic and rural–urban differences in disaster information behaviour and preparedness. Given the increasing shift from basic mobile phone models to smartphones, the theoretical and policy‐oriented implications of digital disparities and vulnerability are discussed.     

气候投融资加速发展新生态研究

应对气候变化实现碳达峰、碳中和目标需要海量的资金投入并将为中国带来巨大的气候资金缺口,解决这一难题亟须大量的资金投入和高效的投融资手段。2020年以来我国气候投融资顶层文件相继出台,尽管气候投融资体系和试点工作的研究逐渐丰富,但是气候投融资理论研究仍然落后于地方和金融机构的相关实践。本文聚焦于气候投融资体系中存在的标准不统一、机制不灵活、信息不对称、数据不可靠等关键问题,梳理气候投融资加速发展所需的关键要素,讨论气候投融资加速发展的预期目标,提出一套结合数字科技应用的气候投融资加速发展新生态体系及其标准体系、技术体系、数据体系的构建方案,旨在引导和鼓励资金流向技术先进、示范创新、气候效益显著的绿色低碳项目,为气候投融资试点和“双碳”政策落地,提供理论支撑和政策参考。     

我国智慧碳监管建设的发展路径探究

智慧碳监管是政府、园区、企业实施碳减排的现代治理手段,通过运用大数据平台,对碳排放数据进行实时监控、追踪等,实现碳排放的监控预警、考核、评估、决策等,是推进“双碳”战略的重要保障。我国碳监管的应用尚处于初级阶段,推进实施智慧碳监管既是发展方向,也面临诸多挑战。本文分析了我国智慧碳监管的发展状况、实践进展和实践特征,围绕数据管理体系、政策支撑体系、系统技术体系、创新功能应用、服务保障体系等方面存在的关键问题,提出了相应的系统策略,助推我国碳监管的智慧化发展与创新实践。     

单轴压缩下中部锁固岩桥变形破坏模式及演化机制研究

为了探究锁固岩桥破坏模式及演化机制,通过在完整试样端部预制裂隙以形成中部岩桥,采用物理试验和RFPA2D数值模拟方法,研究不同锁固岩桥角度试样破坏模式及裂隙扩展演化机制的影响规律,并利用断裂力学理论分析岩桥裂隙扩展机理。研究结果表明:利用数字图像技术,从定量角度分析裂隙扩展类型,得出试验试样最终破坏是由前期损伤不断积累所导致的结果;锁固段岩桥角度α对锁固段的破坏有重要影响,当α≤90°时,锁固岩桥段发生张拉贯通破坏;当90°＜α＜120°时,锁固岩桥段发生张拉剪切贯通破坏;当α≥120°时,锁固岩桥段并没有发生贯通破坏。最终得出3种试样破坏模式:下部裂隙张拉扩展,贯通中部岩桥;上下部裂隙同时张拉扩展,剪切贯通中部岩桥;下部裂隙张拉扩展,贯通试样上端面,中部岩桥没有发生破坏。     

A spatially explicit empirical model of structural development processes in natural forests based on climate and topography

Stand structure develops with stand age. Old-growth forests with well-developed stand structure support many species. However, development rates of stand structure likely vary with climate and topography. We modeled structural development of 4 key stand variables and a composite old-growth index as functions of climatic and topographic covariates. We used a hierarchical Bayesian method for analysis of extensive snap-shot National Forest Inventory (NFI) data in Japan (n = 9244) to account for differences in stand age. Development rates of structural variables and the old-growth index exhibited curvilinear responses to environmental covariates. Flat sites were characterized by high rates of structural development. Approximately 150 years were generally required to attain high values (approximately 0.8) of the old-growth index. However, the predicted age to achieve specific values varied depending on environmental conditions. Spatial predictions highlighted regional variation in potential structural development rates. For example, sometimes there were differences of >100 years among sites, even in the same catchment, in attainment of a medium index value (0.5) after timber harvesting. The NFI data suggested that natural forests, especially old natural forests (>150 years), remain generally on unproductive ridges, steep slopes, or areas with low temperature and deep snow, where many structural variables show slow development rates. We suggest that maintenance and restoration of old natural forests on flat sites should be prioritized for conservation due to the likely rapid development of stand structure, although remaining natural forests on low-productivity sites are still important and should be protected.     

环境科学数字图书馆信息资源建设中的著作权问题

针对数字图书馆信息资源建设中面临的著作权问题,依照著作权法等相关法律,分析了环境科学数字图书馆建设中涉及到的实体馆藏文献数字化、虚拟馆藏等著作权问题,并提出了完善相关法律、加强著作权集体管理体制、建立图书馆版权联盟等对策与措施。     

基于DEM的分布式水文模型在清江流域的应用

基于清江上游水布垭区域的数字高程模型(DEM)数据,提取出了研究区域水系、勾画了研究区域边界,并计算了研究区域地形指数分布。采用基于数字高程模型(DEM)的分布式水文模型(DDRM)来进行降雨 径流模拟。在Nash Sutcliffe效率系数、洪峰相对误差、径流深相对误差等方面对基于DEM的分布式水文模型和三水源新安江模型进行了比较分析。结果表明：在径流深模拟方面新安江模型略好于DDRM,在洪峰流量及峰现时间方面DDRM略好于新安江模型,模拟的Nash Sutcliffe效率系数两者相当,总体上基于DEM的分布式水文模型和三水源新安江模型模拟效果相当。基于DEM的分布式水文模型与三水源新安江模型相比,其优点是模型结构简单、参数较少、物理过程明确,而且能够模拟流域土壤含水量和径流量的空间分布。