Characterization and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sediments of Haihe River, Tianjin, China

In this study sediment samples were collected from 13 sites of Haihe River in Tianjin City, China, sixteen of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） listed in USEPA were analyzed by means of GC-MS. The total concentrations of PAH ranged from 774.81 to 255371.91 ng/g dw, and two to four rings of PAHs were dominant in sediment samples. Molecular ratios, such as phenanthrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene and low-molecular-weight PAH/high-molecular-weight PAH, were used to study the possible sources of pollution. It indicated a mixed pattern of parolytic and petrogenic inputs of PAHs in sediments in Haihe River. The petrogenic PAHs may be mainly derived from the leakage of refined products, e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel and fuel oil vehicle traffics or gas stations from urban area. The pyrolytic PAHs might be from the discharge of industrial wastewater and the emission of atmospheric particles from petrochemical factories. In addition, the levels of PAHs in the urban and industrial areas are far beyond the values reported from other rivers and marine systems reported. This situation may be due to polluted discharging from some petrochemical industrial manufactories and worse traffic conditions in Tianjin.     

Determination of alcohol compounds using corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry

Ion mobility spectrometry （IMS） is a very fast, highly sensitive, and inexpensive technique, it permits efficient monitoring of volatile organic compounds like alcohols. In this article, positive ion mobility spectra for six alcohol organic compounds have been systematically studied for the first time using a high-resolution IMS apparatus equipped with a discharge ionization source. Utilizing protonated water cluster ions （H2O）nH^＋ as the reactant ions and clean air as the drift gas, alcohol organic compounds, ethanol, 1- propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 2-octanol, all exhibit product ion characteristic peaks in their respective ion mobility spectrometry, that is a result of proton transfer reactions between the alcohols and reaction ions （H2O）nH^＋. The mixture of these alcohols, including two isomers, has been detected, and the results showed that they could be distinguished effectively in the ion mobility spectrum. The reduced mobility values have been determined, which are in very well agreement with the traditional ^63Ni-IMS experimental values. The exponential dilution method was used to calibrate the alcohol concentrations, and a detection limit available for the alcohols is in order of magnitude of a few ng/L.     

Chlorobenzenes in waterweeds from the Xijiang River （Guangdong section） of the Pearl River

The Xijiang River is the major source of water for about 4.5 millions of urban population and 28.7 millions of rural population. The water quality is very important for the health of the rural population. The concentration and distribution of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in both water and waterweeds collected from 4 stations in the Xijiang River (Gangdong section) of the Pearl River in April and November were determined. The result showed that nearly every congener of CBs was detected. The total contents of CBs (∑CBs) in the river water ranged from 111.1 to 360.0 ng/L in April and from 151.9 to 481.7 ng/L in November, respectively. The pollution level of CBs in the water in April was higher than that in November. The contents of ∑ CBs in waterweeds ranged from 13.53×102 μg/g to 38.27×102μg/g dry weight (dw). There was no significant difference between April and November in waterweeds. The distribution of CBs in roots, caulis, and leaves of Vallisneria spiralis L. showed different patterns. The leaves mainly contained low-molecular-weight CBs(DCBs), whereas the roots accumulated more PCBs and HCBs. The average lgBCFlip (bioconcentration factor) of CBs ranged from 0.64 to 3.57 in the waterweeds. The spatial distribution character of CBs in the Xijiang River was: Fengkai County ＜ Yunan County ＜Yun'an County ＜ Gaoyao County according to the ∑CBs, and the pollution deteriorated from the upstream to the downstream of the Xijiang River. Further analysis demonstrated that the discharge of waste containing CBs may be the main source of CBs pollution in the Xijiang River.     

大气污染源排放清单与环境统计数据的比较分析

比较了大气污染排放清单与环境统计报表的数据采集思路和方法,基于2016年京津冀大气污染传输通道"2+26"城市的排放清单和同年环境统计数据,采用配对样本t检验和相关分析,在总体、城市和行业层面,对SO2、NOx、VOCs等3项污染物排放指标的差异性和一致性进行了比较分析.研究结果表明,排放清单与环境统计数据有显著差异,...     

基于统计和信度理论的火灾保险费率分级方法

通过对建筑火灾保险费率厘定的调查、研究,确定了关于建筑物火灾保险费率的主要影响因素;详细介绍基于统计理论和信度理论的火灾保险费率分级方法,并以美国马萨诸塞州东海岸地区为例,给出其实际的应用算例;结合实际中的问题,分析了基于统计理论和信度理论的火灾保险费率分级方法的优缺点,为我国建筑火灾保险费率厘定的研究提供了依据和参考。     

2008年9—10月国内环境事件

简要统计了2008年9-10月国内发生的各种环境事件75起,包括沙尘天气2起,污染事件25起,地震15起,山体滑坡和泥石流16起,旱灾3起以及其他自然灾害14起.     

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) method for removal of CS2 from gas streams at atmospheric pressure

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) reactor that utilizes a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and 207 nm UV radiation from discharge-driven KrBr^* excimers was designed and constructed. Gas streams containing CS₂ were treated with stand-alone DBD and CPP at atmospheric pressure. In comparison to DBD, CPP greatly enhanced the removal efficiency at the same applied voltage, waste gas concentration and gas residence time. Thus the applied voltage could be reduced to a certain extent in the plasma processing of industrial wastes. Influences of the KrBr^* radiation, inlet CS₂ concentration and gas residence time on CS₂ removal by CPP were also studied. In addition, the likely reaction mechanisms for the removal of CS₂ by CPP are suggested based on the byproducts analysis. The enhanced removal efficiency and reaction mechanisms implied that the CPP process would probably be suitable for the removal of a large number of gaseous pollutants.     

混合气液两相放电对水中有机物降解的机理研究

采用混合气液两相放电的方法来处理水中的有机物.结果表明,这种新型的水处理方法对于苯酚具有较好地去除效果．随着电压的增加和空气的通入,苯酚的去除率都有所增加. 对放电区域内产生的活性物种——过氧化氢和臭氧进行了定量的测定,并发现随着电压和空气的通入量的增加,这2种物质的量都有所增加．对于反应过程中的能耗进行分析得到随着电压的增加,能耗增加的幅度要大于苯酚降解率增加的幅度,能量效率增加较小. 空气的通入增加了能耗, 输入总能量中一部分能量使反应溶液温度升高,导致了能量的损耗.     

Excel在排放口最优规划中的应用

鉴于电子表格软件Excel提供的“规划求解”(Solver)加载宏可以求解线性、非线性以及混合整数规划等单目标优化的问题的特点,文章开发了排放口最优规划问题求解的应用程序(DPOPMS)。程序包括了多河段BOD-DO耦合矩阵模型的计算、电子表格模型的自动创建、调用“规划求解”加载宏进行规划求解以及规划求解结果的输出等主要功能模块,并将程序应用于汾河太原城区段的污染控制规划,所得的规划结果与实际情况较为吻合。运用该程序进行排放口最优规划,避免了复杂的模型求解过程的算法程序编制,实现较为方便。     

低温等离子体与催化剂联用降解空气中低浓度的苯

采用介质阻挡放电(DBD)与催化剂(MnO2,TiO2)联用降解空气中低浓度的苯(C6H6)。考察了苯的转化率、产物选择性、能量效率随能量密度的变化关系。研究发现,苯的转化率随能量密度的增加而增加,当注入DBD反应器的能量密度为1200J/L时,等离子体协同催化剂MnO2氧化苯的转化率达到了92%。苯的氧化产物为一氧化碳(CO)和二氧化碳(CO2),进而阐述了其氧化机理。当能量密度为430J/L时,在催化剂MnO2,TiO2存在的条件下,能量效率分别达到了0.062与0.043mol/kWh。