A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) method for removal of CS2 from gas streams at atmospheric pressure

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) reactor that utilizes a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and 207 nm UV radiation from discharge-driven KrBr^* excimers was designed and constructed. Gas streams containing CS₂ were treated with stand-alone DBD and CPP at atmospheric pressure. In comparison to DBD, CPP greatly enhanced the removal efficiency at the same applied voltage, waste gas concentration and gas residence time. Thus the applied voltage could be reduced to a certain extent in the plasma processing of industrial wastes. Influences of the KrBr^* radiation, inlet CS₂ concentration and gas residence time on CS₂ removal by CPP were also studied. In addition, the likely reaction mechanisms for the removal of CS₂ by CPP are suggested based on the byproducts analysis. The enhanced removal efficiency and reaction mechanisms implied that the CPP process would probably be suitable for the removal of a large number of gaseous pollutants.     

寒旱区草原湖泊沉积物重金属地球化学基线构建——以达里诺尔湖为例

为了科学识别寒旱区典型草原湖泊——达里诺尔湖的沉积物重金属累积状况,在调查表层及柱状沉积物重金属含量的基础上,采用多种统计学方法构建了沉积物重金属地球化学基线,并针对构建结果进行了多方面比较分析.结果表明,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg、Pb在表层及柱状沉积物中均呈正态分布或对数正态分布,其中,柱状沉积物中的重金属分布较表层更为集中,且As、Cd、Hg在近表层呈现较明显的增长趋势,表明存在一定的表层富集;使用参考元素法、相对累积频率法和迭代2倍标准差法构建的表层、柱状沉积物重金属基线值之间无显著差异（P<0.05）,综合考虑科学性,适用性,简便性,人为误差性等方面,可优先选取迭代2倍标准差法进行元素基线构建;研究构建的达里诺尔湖沉积物重金属基线值与所在区域的大尺度土壤背景值相比存在差异,且表层与柱状沉积物基线值也存在差异,考虑到达里诺尔湖流域人为干扰极小,使用研究区域的表层沉积物开展基线值构建,可为识别湖泊当前重金属富集状况和生态风险提供更为科学和准确的参考依据.研究结果可为类似的寒旱区草原湖泊沉积物重金属基线值构建提供理论依据.     

含水煤岩层瓦斯压力测定新技术

针对含水煤岩层瓦斯压力测定成为难题的现状,分析含水煤岩层瓦斯和水压平衡的关系,发现上行孔先排水后排气、下行孔先排气后排水的规律,利用重力学的相关知识,应用把水放出来的设计,发明上行孔煤层瓦斯测压水压剔除仪和下行孔煤层瓦斯测压水压剔除仪。现场试验表明:煤层瓦斯测压水压剔除仪能把测压孔中的水放出来,消除水压对瓦斯压力的影响。     

Sound Survey Designs Can Facilitate Integrating Stream Monitoring Data Across Multiple Programs1

Abstract: Multiple agencies in the Pacific Northwest monitor the condition of stream networks or their watersheds. Some agencies use a stream “network” perspective to report on the fraction or length of the network that either meets or violates particular criteria. Other agencies use a “watershed” perspective to report on the health or condition of watersheds. The agencies often use the same indicators and measurement protocols for data collection and often conduct monitoring in overlapping geographic regions. In these situations, agencies would like to combine data across different monitoring studies in a statistically sound manner to make regional estimates of condition. Three statistical survey design principles will facilitate combining such studies: (1) a clearly specified statistical target population of interest, including elements that comprise the population, (2) a consistent representation of that target population (such as a digital map of the stream network and watersheds), and (3) rules that incorporate randomization to guide the selection of the sample of sites on which measurements will be made. A case study illustrates the application of these design principles using two agency monitoring programs interested in combining stream channel data for different purposes: one for making network summaries and the other for evaluating watershed condition.     

Recovery of Acidified Streams in Forests Treated by Total Catchment Liming

Reduced emissions of acidifying pollutants have changed the acidification process, and as a result, forest soils and surface waters are slowly recovering in Sweden. However, model calculations show that some areas may never recover completely unless further measures, such as liming, are undertaken. Liming of surface waters (lakes, rivers and wetlands) has been successfully practised in Sweden since the 1970s, but repeated treatments are necessary. A full recovery of acidified lakes and streams without frequent liming is however not possible until soil acidification is reversed in the most strongly affected areas. In this study, the recovery of acidified streams was examined using ‘the total catchment approach’ i.e. treatment of both recharge and discharge areas. The aim was to compare the quantitative effect of different treatments on run off chemistry and the recovery of brown trout. Catchments in southwest Sweden were treated with a combination of 2 tons of wood ash and 4, 6 or 12 tons of crushed limestone per hectare in 1998/1999. Treatment of both recharge and discharge areas resulted in fast and significant changes in stream water quality, e.g. increased concentrations of calcium, higher pH and ANC and a decreased concentration of inorganic aluminium. The initial changes were dependent on the distribution of the applied lime between discharge and recharge areas rather than the average dose on the total catchment. Treatment of recharge areas only, resulted in smaller but still significant effects on calcium, pH and ANC in stream water. Furthermore, there was an initial leaching of nitrate but it was only minor compared with the elevated leaching that occurs after a clear-cut. As a result of the treatments, brown trout is now successfully reproducing. Olle Westling (deceased).     

英国职业卫生法规、监管及统计体系

英国按照《职业安全和卫生法(1974)》,以职业安全卫生执行局(HSE)为执法和调查统计的主管机构,建立了以RIDDOR95规程为基础的企业雇主对其作业场所职业卫生记录和报告制度,同时HSE采取多种形式的政府主动调查,形成了较为完善的职业卫生调查统计体系。目前,我国职业卫生的调查统计体系尚未形成。以系统的方法和思路,从英国的职业卫生法规、监管入手,分析其调查统计体系,并采用对比分析的方法,将英国的体系与美国进行对比,学习工业发达国家的共同经验,为我国建立职业卫生统计体系提供借鉴。研究认为,上层法律及配套规范齐全、形成了政府主动调查与企业雇主主动记录和报告相结合的统计方式,以及调查统计数据定期向公众发布和实现信息共享是英美两国体系的共同特征。     

电镀废水处理工程设计

采用分质处理含氰废水,综合处理混合废水的方式处理鞍山某机械加工企业的电镀废水,介绍了工艺的特点,各处理构筑物.运行结果表明,用该方法处理电镀废水,其出水水质可达<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978-1996)一级标准.     

2004年主汛期我国强对流天气灾害统计特征

运用全国各省、市、县气象部门直接上报国家气象局的气象灾害数据,对全国各地2004年主汛期(6-8月)对流性天气造成的灾害分布特征和人员死亡情况进行了统计分析,结果表明,主汛期内强对流天气在全国31个省市都有发生,其中黄淮、江淮、江南、西南地区东部为强对流天气灾害死亡人数多发区,且在主汛期内,以7月份强对流天气发生频次最高;在年度所有气象灾害中,除了暴雨洪涝灾害造成人员死亡最多外,雷击事件造成的死亡人数占气象灾害死亡人数的第二位;各大城市均遭遇到强对流天气袭击,造成了严重的交通瘫痪,城市应急响应系统建设亟待加强。     

论水污染物排放许可证制度的法律规制——《中华人民共和国行政许可法》在水污染防治中的作用

我国部分地方规定了水污染物排放许可证制度,由于此类法律文件法律效力的低层级性,制约着水污染防治的司法与执法实践。提高设定该制度法律文件效力位阶,不仅可以解决调整该制度法制不统一状况,而且为其进行法律规制提供了直接、具体的法律依据。对促使排污主体科学、合理排污将起到积极作用。     

基于模糊统计的山区公路安全评价研究

应用模糊统计中的集值统计方法对山区公路进行交通安全评价研究,以克服应用等级比重法和专家评分法对模糊和非定量化指标评价中评价精度不高的问题。首先建立评价指标体系并进行权重分配,采用集值统计法确定评价值,最终得出道路安全评价结果,确定影响交通安全的主要因素。通过算例说明了模糊统计法能有效解决山区公路安全性评价问题。