利用Excel软件做统计描述和方差分析的方法

对数据做统计描述和方差分析的方法很多,通过电子表格Excel软件进行统计描述和方差分析,为研究者提供了方便快捷的分析手段．Excel软件对于非统计专业人员的确是一个易学、易用、高效的好帮手．图7,表1,参5．     

确定电解铝厂卫生防护距离方法研究

针对GB/T 13201-91推荐的企业卫生防护距离计算公式未能体现电解铝厂厂房构造和平面布置的特点,导致计算结果与实际监测数据出入较大,给新建项目选址和现有企业的环境管理带来一些困难等问题.从电解铝厂无组织排放源的特征和推荐公式计算误差的问题入手,根据电解铝厂厂房的实际配置和结构,充分考虑诸多条件下卫生防护距离的计算,并比较了各种方法的计算结果,确定了更符合实际卫生防护距离的方法,从而在一定程度上解决了因GB/T 13201-91给定的公式计算结果偏大给电解铝厂的选址带来的困难.      

A Multi‐Scale Soil Moisture Monitoring Strategy for California: Design and Validation

A multi‐scale soil moisture monitoring strategy for California was designed to inform water resource management. The proposed workflow classifies soil moisture response units (SMRUs) using publicly available datasets that represent soil, vegetation, climate, and hydrology variables, which control soil water storage. The SMRUs were classified, using principal component analysis and unsupervised K‐means clustering within a geographic information system, and validated, using summary statistics derived from measured soil moisture time series. Validation stations, located in the Sierra Nevada, include transect of sites that cross the rain‐to‐snow transition and a cluster of sites located at similar elevations in a snow‐dominated watershed. The SMRUs capture unique responses to varying climate conditions characterized by statistical measures of central tendency, dispersion, and extremes. A topographic position index and landform classification is the final step in the workflow to guide the optimal placement of soil moisture sensors at the local‐scale. The proposed workflow is highly flexible and can be implemented over a range of spatial scales and input datasets can be customized. Our approach captures a range of soil moisture responses to climate across California and can be used to design and optimize soil moisture monitoring strategies to support runoff forecasts for water supply management or to assess landscape conditions for forest and rangeland management.     

2015年1-2月国内环境事件

简要统计了2015年1-2月国内发生的各种环境事件86起,包括沙尘天气7起,污染事件15起,地震46起,山体滑坡和泥石流6起,旱灾2起以及其他自然灾害10起.     

特种纸行业水污染防治对策——以浙江省为例

以浙江省为例,深入分析特种纸行业发展现状及特点、水污染物排放控制水平和企业在执行国家现有污染物排放标准过程中存在的问题与原因。针对特种纸的特殊性,从完善造纸行业标准体系的角度,提出制定特种纸行业污染物排放标准,确定一厂一策的标准执行体系的建议;从提升产业污染控制水平及产业转型升级角度,提出按规模、分区域、分纸品确定转型重点,研究制定最佳可行技术导则,加快污染治理设施的提升改造,加强企业技改力度及提高清洁生产水平等对策与建议,以促进特种纸行业的可持续发展。     

环境空气质量指数（AQI）的EXCEL实现研究

空气质量指数以数值的形式表述空气质量状况、便于公众简明、清楚地了解空气质量的优劣程度,及时、准确地向公众提供易于理解的当地空气质量状况。基于EXCEL软件计算环境空气质量指数（AQI）的方法具有普及意义,有助于AQI算法在基础应用层面的实现,也有助于验证数据库开发中使用算法的准确性。本文结合苏州市环境空气监测数据,详细介绍如何在EXCEL中实现AQI的计算,供相关从业人员参考。     

质量控制图在辐射测量仪器工作稳定性中的作用研究

在低放射性环境样品进行测量时,要求测量仪器具有较好的稳定性。仪器在工作一段时间后,要了解所作的测量数据是否具有统计重复性,仪器指标发生的变化是否在统计基础上,仪器工作是否正常,绘制仪器质量控制图是一种有效方法。通过绘制质量控制图表的方法,可随时了解仪器的稳定性和仪器的技术指标,直观地展示出测量过程是否处于统计控制中。以确保仪器的测量精度。     

多金属伴生铜矿选矿与湿法冶炼中废水零排放探讨

选择了一个实体企业,经过对其不同废水的性质进行分析,分别选取工艺技术成熟的化学中和沉淀法、PFS（聚硫酸铁）混凝沉降法和MBR膜处理法对该企业的废水进行处理实验,确保经处理后废水能满足不同生产环节用水水质的要求,并在该企业进行了生产性探讨实验,实现了废水零排放。     

Degradation of monofluorophenols in water irradiated with gaseous plasma

Decomposition of aqueous monofluorophenols (MFPs) was investigated by contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE). During CGDE, both MFPs and the corresponding total organic carbon (TOC) in water were consumed smoothly, suggesting that carbon atoms of benzene nucleus could be eventually mineralized to inorganic carbon (IC). And all the fluorine atoms in the MFPs were equally converted to fluoride ions. Based on the primary intermediates from each starting materials, it showed that aromatic hydroxylation preferentially occurred at the para-or ortho-position to the phenolic OH group of each MFPs. The disappearance of both MFPs and TOC followed the first-order rate law. The apparent rate constants for the decay of MFPs were independent from the pK_a values of MFPs.     

含镉的铬废水处理方法

对电镀镉工艺流程中出光、钝化及退镉进行了原理分析,得出上述工序必然会导致含镉的铬废水的产生。并提出了采用按铬废水处理后再通过添加重金属捕捉剂的方式,有效控制了电镀废水的处理质量,达到了标准的排放要求。