Coastal changes in the Ebro delta: Natural and human factors

The development of the delta of the River Ebro (Ebre) has, during recent centuries, been controlled by both natural and man-induced factors. Deforestation by man of the Ebro drainage basin favoured a fast progradation of the deltaic system until this century, when many dams were constructed along the river Ebro and its tributaries. As the sediment load of the river has been retained behind the dams, the river sediment discharge has been drastically reduced and erosive processes have become dominant in the Ebro delta coastal area, changing it from a river-wave to a sea-wave-dominated coast. This situation leads to a reshaping of the nearshore delta area and a redistribution of the pre-existing beach sediment, and significant erosion has already occurred in some zones. If these conditions continue in the future, severe changes will take place in the Ebro delta, in addition to the effects of a relative sea level rise. The future development of this delta may be similar to that of abandoned deltaic lobes, but faster. The present study shows, how coastal changes generated by anthropogenic factors can be faster and more drastic than those induced only by natural factors.     

生产过程中抗生素与抗药基因的排放特征、环境行为及控制

世界卫生组织在2000年的报告中将抗生素抗性列为本世纪人类在健康领域面临的最大挑战之一,有关抗药基因传播机制与控制技术的研究已经成为国际环境科学领域的一个前沿问题.本文以生产量大、使用历史长的几种发酵类和化学合成类生素为对象,以典型城市污水厂为对照系统,全面评估抗生素生产及废水处理过程中抗生素与抗药基因的排放特征;把传统的筛选培养方法与高通量测序技术及生物信息学手段有机结合,深入研究抗生素胁迫下整合子对抗性基因的重组作用及质粒介导的结合转移作用,以揭示抗药基因在抗生素压力驱动下主要的水平转移机制;构建多通道生物膜流动暴露系统进行抗生素最小选择浓度评价;研究针对抗生素生产全过程的抗生素及抗药基因控制多级屏障技术,为抗药基因的污染控制与管理提供全面系统的科学基础.     

苏州城区路面降雨径流污染特征分析研究

通过对苏州典型商住区和文教区路面径流水质的采样分析探讨了道路降雨径流的污染特征.结果显示不同功能区径流水质差异较大,商住区各污染物浓度均高于文教区.径流污染物浓度一般在降雨初期较高,往后逐渐下降并趋于平稳.SS和COD、Pb等都有较强的相关性.各污染物的初期效应明显,商住区初始冲刷效应较强;重金属物质的冲刷强度要大于其他污染物.降雨强度是影响初始冲刷效应的主要因素,强度较大的降雨初期冲刷效应明显.     

福建省环保投资对工业废水污染控制的影响分析

依据福建省2006-2011年环保投资的相关统计数据,对水污染治理投资和工业废水污染控制的关系进行深入分析,结果表明单位GDP水污染治理投资与工业废水排放量之间呈负相关。并指出福建省环境污染治理投资总量不足,单位GDP水污染治理投资比例偏低等问题,并针对这些问题提出应制定水污染治理投资规划,发展生态生产力并实施过程治理投资,使水污染得到真正有效的控制。     

基于R/S分析的矿井涌水量灰色预测

矿井涌水量序列具有分形和灰色特征,将R/S分析与灰色系统理论相结合,提出了R/S灰色预测模型以预报矿井涌水量。并以龙门矿为例,对其矿井涌水量进行了R/S分析,确定了Hurst指数和平均循环周期;还在一个周期内进行了涌水量灰色预测。结果表明:龙门矿矿井涌水量平均循环周期为10个月;原本无法进行灰色预测的矿井涌水量序列,经R/S分析后不但可以进行灰色预测,而且预测精度达97.54%,明显高于成熟模型—灰色马尔科夫预测模型的精度。该方法拓宽了分形和灰色理论在涌水量研究中的应用范围。     

Toluene decomposition performance and NOx by-product formation during a DBD-catalyst process

Characteristics of toluene decomposition and formation of nitrogen oxide(NOx) by-products were investigated in a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) reactor with/without catalyst at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Four kinds of metal oxides, i.e., manganese oxide(Mn Ox), iron oxide(Fe Ox), cobalt oxide(Co Ox) and copper oxide(Cu O), supported on Al2O3/nickel foam, were used as catalysts. It was found that introducing catalysts could improve toluene removal efficiency, promote decomposition of by-product ozone and enhance CO2 selectivity. In addition, NOx was suppressed with the decrease of specific energy density(SED) and the increase of humidity, gas flow rate and toluene concentration, or catalyst introduction. Among the four kinds of catalysts, the Cu O catalyst showed the best performance in NOx suppression. The Mn Ox catalyst exhibited the lowest concentration of O3 and highest CO2 selectivity but the highest concentration of NOx. A possible pathway for NOx production in DBD was discussed. The contributions of oxygen active species and hydroxyl radicals are dominant in NOx suppression.     

大数据技术在环境执法工作中的应用研究

随着大数据技术在各领域的逐步应用,已经有不少成功的案例来证明其确实可以解决之前通过常规信息化手段无法解决的问题;特别是在将大数据与人工智能结合以后,基于底层海量数据的"智能"分析,对于实时性要求比较高的业务的决策辅助,有非常好的应用效果.而环境保护管理工作复杂、专业、涉及面广、信息量大的特点,非常适合采用大数据技术;特别对于排污企业的执法检查工作,通过打造"环境大数据平台"为环境执法者提供第二个大脑,将真正为环境执法工作对精细化、精准化发展的目标服务.     

Optimal Foraging, Institutions and Forest Change: A Case from Nepal

The forest composition we witness today is a productof temporal anthropogenic and nonanthropogenicdisturbances. Scholars from geography, anthropology,and other disciplines have long been aware of theinforming nature of spatial relationships: humanactions in a previous time often leave imprints intoday's landscape. Traditional empirical studies offorest condition typically ignore this type ofinformation and rely on aggregated forest-levelindicators developed from aspatial plot-levelanalyses. This paper conducts a spatial analysis ofone important forest product species, Shorearobusta, in a foraging setting in southern Nepal. Forest plot locations were located using DifferentialGlobal Positioning Systems (DGPS) and were processedusing a Geographic Information System. Three rivalhypotheses of the geographic distribution of Shorea robusta are presented: (1) a pattern of nohuman disturbance, (2) a pattern of open access andoptimal foraging, and (3) a pattern of optimalforaging altered by the geographic configuration ofenforced institutions. Multivariate regression modelsare estimated and optimal foraging patterns areidentified. Statistical tests lend support to thethird hypothesis. Methods such as the ones presentedhere are important if we are to better understand thegeographic implications of institutional design onhuman behavior and the environmental outcomes that result.     

Liquid discharges from patients undergoing I treatments

This work discusses the production and management of liquid radioactive wastes as excretas from patients undergoing therapy procedures with ¹³¹I radiopharmaceuticals in Spain. The activity in the sewage has been estimated with and without waste radioactive decay tanks. Two common therapy procedures have been considered, the thyroid cancer (4.14 GBq administered per treatment), and the hyperthyroidism (414 MBq administered per treatment). The calculations were based on measurements of external exposure around the 244 hyperthyroidism patients and 23 thyroid cancer patients. The estimated direct activity discharged to the sewage for two thyroid carcinomas and three hyperthyroidisms was 14.57 GBq and 1.27 GBq, respectively, per week; the annual doses received by the most exposed individual (sewage worker) were 164 μSv and 13 μSv, respectively. General equations to calculate the activity as a function of the number of patient treated each week were also obtained.     

HBCOD-1在线监测仪表在监测石油化工外排污水中的应用

抚顺石化公司石油二厂外排污水水质波动较大，其主要污染物为COD、油，为准确的监测外排污水水质，2003年抚顺石化公司石油二厂与北京环科环保技术公司共同研制开发了HBCOD-1在线监测技术，并在监测石油化工污水中的应用获得成功，为石油炼制及石油化工企业外排污水的在线监测总结了一条成功经验，开发了一项炼化污水自动监测的新技术。