A NOVEL CHLORAMINE COMPOUND FOR WATER DISINFECTION1

A new chloramine agent, 3-chloio-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, has been tested in a laboratory scale water treatment plant as to its efficacy in water disinfection. The agent seems to be equally effective as compared to chlorine gas in this application. The results of preliminary toxicity studies on the agent are very encouraging. The agent has a long shelf life both in water solution and in the solid state. Being a solid, the agent is clearly less hazardous to handle than chlorine gas. The agent appears to inhibit oxidative corrosion of metals as well. The agent is less likely to produce toxic halocarbons (e.g., chloroform) in water than is chlorine gas. Possibly most important from the standpoint of water disinfection, the agent is a “slow release” one for its positive chlorine, which provides prolonged bactericidal activity.     

德兴铜矿采场汽车运输道路扬尘治理技术

通过介绍在德兴铜矿应用MPS-2型抑尘剂,建造现场抑尘加工站,并在矿山采场道路喷洒抑尘剂,测试分析了抑尘剂的抑尘效果,并对其经济成本指标进行了测算,确认在该矿应用MPS-2型抑尘剂可创造显著的社会环境效益和经济效益。     

Experimental study on agitated drying characteristics of sewage sludge under the effects of different additive agents

Drying experiments of dewatered sewage sludge（DSS） were conducted on a agitated paddle dryer, and the effects of additive agents, i.e., CaO, pulverized coal（PC）, heavy oil（HO）, and dried sludge（＂DS＂ through back mixing） on the agitated drying characteristics of DSS were investigated. The results indicated that CaO can significantly increase the drying rate of DSS.The drying rate at CaO/DSS（mass ratio） = 1/100 was 135% higher than that of CaO/DSS = 0.Pulverized coal has no obvious effect on drying rate, but the increase of PC/DSS can promote breaking up of sludge lump. Heavy oil was found to be slightly effective in improving the drying rate of DSS in the examined experimental range of HO/DSS = 0-1/20. It is also found that HO can reduce the torque of the dryer shaft, due to its lubrication effect. Back mixing of DS was found to be effective in alleviating the unfavorable effect of the lumpy phase by improving the mixing effect of the paddle dryer. There was a marked increase of drying rate with an increase of the DS/DSS in the experimental range of DS/DSS = 0-1/3.     

污泥堆肥处理过程中氧气消耗的动态变化与分布特征

对城市污水污泥、粪渣污泥和造纸污泥进行好氧堆肥试验,以研究不同物料堆肥过程中氧气消耗的动态变化、分布特征及其差异.结果表明.不同污泥堆肥时,耗氧速率和温度具有相似的动态变化阶段.在堆体刚进入高温阶段时,耗氧速率不断升高并达到峰值,之后则逐渐减小并趋于稳定,堆肥结束时的耗氧速率只相当于最大值的1/3～1/15.物料组成影响升温速率,耗氧速率的最大值及达到最大值的时间.有机物含量高时,堆体温度上升快、维持持续高温的时间长.堆体各部位耗氧速率存在差异;中间部位的耗氧速率始终较高,在升温期,上层的耗氧速率略高于下层,此后下层的耗氧速率高于上层.堆体上层和下层的氧气含量在堆肥过程中波动较小(>18%),而中间部位的氧气含量波动较大,在高温阶段其含量较低(约12%).使用无机调理剂(CTB调理剂)时,耗氧速率明显小于使用有机调理剂的处理,供氧所需的通风量减少35.9%;堆体升温较慢,温度变化较平缓.根据研究结果提出了优化通风控制的建议.     

融雪剂对园林植物种子萌发的影响

使用融雪剂是高纬度城市冬季除雪的主要措施之一,但融雪剂中含有的盐类物质可以对园林植物造成伤害。在此研究了融雪剂对刺（Robinia pseudoacacia）、万寿菊（Tagetes erecta）、矮紫薇（Lagerstroemia indiea’Petite pinkie＇）、草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）、侧柏（Platycladus orientalis）种子发芽率和相对受害率的影响。试验结果表明：5种植物种子的发芽率随融雪剂浓度的升高而降低．相对受害率则随融雪剂浓度升高而增大。其中草地早熟禾种子时融雪剂最敏感,可以用草地早熟禾种子萌发为指示,间接检验融雪剂对植物的伤害程度。     

炼油废水活性污泥处理工艺中泡沫的形成研究

活性污泥法处理废水产生的泡沫会影响废水处理系统的正常运行及出水水质.采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对炼油废水的成分进行了鉴定,并用化学鉴定方法进行了对照,废水中存在阴离子和非离子表面活性剂.试验研究证明,炼油废水活性污泥处理工艺中产生泡沫的主要原因是系统中存在阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂及活性污泥中存在诺卡氏放...     

氯盐融雪剂对城市道路绿化带土壤性状的影响

2009年底至2010年初,北京市降雪非常集中且强度较大,为保障交通畅通,大量的氯盐融雪剂在北京城区的绿地上应用,其用量达3万t.路面撒施的融雪剂不可避免地进入分车带、绿化带等绿地,对绿地植物正常生长造成威胁.文章通过实地采集了45个绿地土样,研究了道路绿地土壤盐分等相关指标,结果表明,与对照相比,撒施融雪剂对道路绿化...     

络合剂对剩余污泥厌氧酶水解的影响研究

研究了厌氧条件下,单独添加络合剂柠檬酸钠（SC）、酶及两者联合添加对城市剩余污泥水解效率的影响.实验结果表明,络合剂SC和酶联合添加可以在一定程度上提高污泥水解效率,且相对单独添加SC或酶,SC与酶联合添加时的处理效果更好.同一温度下（50℃）,单独投加0.294g·g-1（以干污泥DS计）SC时,污泥SCOD/TCO...     

Research advances on causes and prevention for the continuous cropping obstacle of Pinellia ternata北大核心CSCD

半夏是一味传统常用中药材,但连作障碍导致其产量和品质下降,从而严重制约产业可持续发展.究其成因,半夏连作导致土壤酸化、酶活下降和营养失衡,特别是酚酸类、醌类、醛类和酮类化合物等化感物质积累,抑制半夏种子萌发和幼苗生长,并造成根际镰孢霉(Fusarium)、产酸克雷伯氏杆菌(Klebsiella oxytoca)和胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌(Pectobacterium carotovorum)等致病菌增加,而土壤微生物多样性降低.目前半夏连作障碍的防治措施主要包括轮作与间作、土壤和块茎灭菌以及施用微生物制剂和有机物料等,但这些措施存在运转周期长、成本高、操作困难等缺点或机制不清、效果不稳定等问题.因此建议将半夏植株-根系分泌物(如化感物质等)-根际土壤-根际微生物群落视为一个整体,系统研究其互作关系,并拓展半夏连作障碍防治技术及原理研究,为保障和促进半夏种植产业的可持续发展提供理论与技术参考.(图1参96)     

煤层注热CO2驱替CH4特性实验研究*

为研究注CO2增产煤层气过程中注气温度对煤层渗透特性变化的影响,利用自主研发的CO2置换驱替CH4实验系统,在注气温度为40,50,60 ℃条件下进行CO2置换驱替CH4实验,定量分析置换驱替过程中出口气体流量、孔隙压力以及煤层渗透率等变化规律。研究结果表明:在实验测试的40~60 ℃范围内,提高CO2注入温度有助于产出更多的CH4及封存CO2,CO2注入温度越高,出口混合气体流量和CH4气体流量越大,呈现出先升高后降低并趋于稳定的变化趋势,实验结束时置换体积比分别为2.704,2.741和2.595,注气温度为60 ℃时驱替效果较好,每产出单位体积的CH4注入的CO2量最少;煤层孔隙压力随注气时间呈现先逐渐上升后趋于平稳的变化趋势,逐渐趋近注气压力0.8 MPa;注CO2置换驱替CH4及提高CO2注入温度会降低煤层的渗透性,注气温度恒定时,渗透率随注气时间增加呈现先逐渐降低后趋于平稳的变化规律,注气温度由40 ℃升至60 ℃时,渗透率从0.017 1×10-15 m2下降至0.009 8×10-15 m2,降低幅度为34.50%~42.69%。