Computer and mobile phone waste in urban India: an analysis from the perspectives of public perception,consumption and disposal behaviour

Sustainable management of Electronic waste (E-waste) is a major challenge for contemporary India, an emerging economy burdened with both the domestic generation and illegal import of E-waste. Considering the ever-increasing complexities of E-waste in Indian cities, this paper aims to evaluate the current trends, opportunities and challenges associated with consumption of electronic items (with respect to computers and mobile phones) and disposal of E-waste in urban India. Bangalore, a city popularly known as the ‘Silicon Valley of India’, is considered as a case study in order to evaluate public awareness, household consumption and E-waste disposal behaviours. The city profile of Bangalore indicates that it has a rapidly emerging market for electronics and thus, has the potential to act as a ‘model’ for evaluating the issues concerning E-waste in metropolitan India. Questionnaires were distributed originally among 300 households with an effective response rate of 63.3%. The results indicate that the majority of households (59.3%) still retain their obsolete electronics due to lack of knowledge about proper E-waste management. High awareness about E-waste and high willingness to recycle/repair their E-waste (above 80% in both cases) are yet to be translated into responsible disposal/recycling behaviour as 95.8% of households have no knowledge about the presence of any formal recycling centre. Income, education, age and gender dimensions associated with E-waste disposal behaviour and awareness were also evaluated. Although we found no gender differences for most of the parameters, there have been some interesting correlations in age and income-wise segregation of disposal behaviour. We noted that the city of Bangalore still possesses some typical Indian socio-cultural characteristics, such as considering E-waste as ‘valuables’, changing several hands before final disposal, defying ‘brand’ or ‘looks’ consciousness, etc., which could be directed towards responsible E-waste disposal behaviours. We suggest that establishing appropriate and convenient E-waste collection/recycling facilities, ensuring responsible household disposal behaviour, implementing effective laws and legislation, and organizing mass E-waste awareness campaigns would aid in addressing the current E-waste concerns in the city.     

火电厂噪声治理技术及实例研究

在火电厂的电力生产过程中，噪声污染是主要的环境污染之一，噪声污染源分布很广，难以集中治理。为此对火电厂的噪声源进行分析，提出治理的主要技术措施，重点用火电厂水泵房的治理实例探讨治理技术的实际应用问题。     

农村水环境污染及治理对策研究

根据我国农村水环境状况，分析污染的主要原因，提出农村水环境治理应采用全过程控制措施．走控源和治理相结合、治理与管理相结合的路线，同时提高全民环保意识来保护水环境。     

对厦门市生活垃圾处置的思考

分析了西欧3个国家的生活垃圾处理情况,综述了对厦门在建设海湾型生态城市中的垃圾减量化,无害化,资源化的展望.     

区域氮多部门代谢及回收技术应用影响分析

模拟了氮元素在水、能源、食品、林业、废物管理等多部门的代谢流动,以苏州为例构建了元素代谢系统分析模型,识别了氮元素代谢的重要部门和关键环节,针对性地提出尿源分离、污泥热解、高温热解、藻类净水等四种氮回收技术及组合,分析技术应用对城市氮元素代谢性能的影响.结果表明：苏州氮元素从外界输入160万t/a,90%来自煤炭和天然气;能源、食品和水部门是氮回收的关键环节;四项氮回收技术组合应用可实现氮元素整体代谢效率提至52%,优化调控效果最好,可促进低氮型社会的构建.     

石灰铁盐法除砷中和渣的资源化制砖

文章介绍了石灰铁盐法除砷中和渣的产生机理及无害化处置 (堆存 )的方法 ,并针对处置中存在占用土地、费用高、伴有环境风险等问题 ,金隆公司与某制砖厂联手将中和渣成功用于制砖。     

臭氧氧化技术在环境科学中的应用

综述了臭氧氧化的作用机理和臭氧氧化技术在空气净化,固体处理中及水处理方面的研究及应用现状,并介绍了包括生物活性炭法(BAC)、臭氧-双氧水联用法(O3/H2O2)、光催化臭氧化法(O3/UV)等几种较先进的复合臭氧化处理工艺,指出臭氧与传统的氧化剂相比不仅可以避免产生有机氯化物,而且还具有能提高过滤速度,减少滤池数量,促进絮凝,减少絮凝池数量和絮凝剂用量,延长滤池使用时间,减少冲洗水耗量,提高水质水感等优点。     

突发水污染应急处置技术方案动态生成模型及决策支持软件系统

突发水污染应急响应过程最为关键的需求是"应急处置",决策者需要快速准确地选择适宜的应急处置技术,制定应急处置技术方案.技术预案编制过程中只能依据典型污染情景提出应急处置工程实施操作路线,不可能穷尽所有可能情景,因此,有必要依据具体污染情景或工况动态生成处置技术方案.本研究将应急处置技术预案(方案)拆分为"案例-技术-材料"3个模块,系统地提出"相似历史案例筛选、应急处置技术筛选、应急处置材料筛选"三步筛选模式及决策模型,开发软件平台用于智能生成应急处置技术预案或方案.以2011年浙江建德新安江苯酚污染事件为案例进行验证分析,快速生成了基于吸附技术与混凝技术的处置方案.结果表明,该三步筛选框架、模型群组及决策支持系统具有较强的实用性和可行性,极大地提高了水污染应急处置技术筛选的效率和科学性,可为响应者实施突发水污染应急处置工程提供强有力的决策支持,在方法学上丰富了响应阶段的应急管理工具.     

流域农村生活垃圾收运、处理模式探析研究——以巢湖流域为例

流域农村生活垃圾产量大,无害化处理水平低,已成为威胁流域水环境安全的重要因素.以巢湖流域为例,构建了农村生活垃圾收运、处理模式.从技术、经济、环境三方面分析,得出结论：农村“桶装车载直运模式”和“垃圾综合处理模式”可以充分利用现有垃圾处理设施,经村庄收集、乡镇转运,最终实现垃圾减量化、资源化、无害化.     

探析城市污泥填埋处置的发展趋势研究

文章论述了国内外污泥填埋处置状况和发展趋势,介绍了欧盟成员国污泥填埋处置状况,对欧盟等国污泥的填埋历史进行了回顾,探讨了欧盟及成员国与污泥相关的管理政策,给出了中国对污泥填埋处置政策、污泥填埋场存在问题和现状,对污泥掩埋的处理方法,分析了污泥填埋处置对周围土壤和地下水环境的影响,提出了污泥填埋在中国随着城市可供填埋土地面积的匮乏将逐渐受到限制,污泥的土地资源化利用符合中国国情和可持续发展战略。