广西荔浦锰矿废弃地植被及优势植物重金属生物蓄积特征

通过对广西荔浦锰矿废弃地植被的调查,共记录到高等植物32种,隶属31个属,18个科。优势植物包括马唐、蕨、白茅、井栏边草、地桃花、商陆、加拿大飞蓬、石山桂花和板栗等九种。对土壤和植物的Fe、Mn、Cd、Pd和Cu等重金属分析结果表明,土壤中的Fe和Mn最高含量分别达到140221mg.kg-1和12114mg.kg-1。优势植物的分布与土壤中Fe和Mn的含量有关,井栏边草分布区土壤中的Mn含量最高,白茅分布区土壤中Mn含量最低;Fe含量最高的土壤为地桃花分布区,最低为白茅分布区。优势植物对Fe和Mn的生物积累特征表现出较大的差异。加拿大飞蓬和马唐有较强的扩散能力,对Mn也有较高的抗性,可作为锰矿废弃地植被重建的先锋物种;商陆和板栗对Mn有较强的富集能力(叶片锰含量分别达3280mg.kg-1和2510mg.kg-1),可用于Mn污染土壤的植物修复。     

Measuring and analyzing adaptive capacity at management levels of resilient systems

Resilience engineering (RE) is capable of handling disruptive events and controlling their consequences in process industries such as petrochemical plants. This study aims at analyzing the level of adaptive capacity and identifying effective factors on developing adaptive capacity in the organizational structure of process industries. The data of this study were obtained through direct observation and a structured questionnaire in a petrochemical plant. Managers at all levels participated in the survey. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a mathematical approach, was used to compute and analyze the role of the factors contributing to adaptive capacity. The results indicated that reporting safety issues played a central role in enhancing adaptive capacity at all management levels. Both middle management and low-level management emphasized the importance of management commitment, whereas top-level management considered flexibility as a vital factor in managing disruptions and reducing accidents. The findings of this study could be useful for managers and other decision-makers to improve safety in process industries.     

贵州省旅游扶贫发展浅析

旅游业在国民经济发展中发挥着重要作用,尤其在消除贫困方面。选择贵州旅游作为研究对象,分析贵州旅游资源概况及旅游业发展现状,阐述贵州旅游业发展在消除贫困方面的作用以及贵州旅游扶贫战略的必要性和可行性,提出旅游扶贫中出现的问题并找到相应的解决办法,为贵州省和类似贫困山区旅游扶贫发展提供思路。     

矿化垃圾生物反应床处理印染废水的工艺参数优化及优势菌群

为了探讨矿化垃圾再利用于印染废水处理的可行性,研究了矿化垃圾生化反应床处理模拟印染废水的工艺参数,进行了优势菌群的镜检和提取、培养,实验结果表明,适宜的工艺运行参数如下为水力停留时间12~24 h,水力负荷100~140 L/(m3·d),COD污染负荷240~360 g/(m3·d),布水周期为24 h条件下的进水历时为6 h;适宜的工艺运行参数条件下,矿化垃圾生化反应床对模拟印染废水的COD去除率97%以上,总磷去除率95%以上,氨氮的去除率在98%以上;处理模拟印染废水的矿化垃圾生化反应床内的微生物群落以球菌为主,该菌体对模拟印染废水具有良好的专性降解作用。研究结果将对矿化垃圾的再利用和印染废水的处理提供一定的技术参考。     

尼洋河不同河段浮游植物群落多样性差异研究

2009年8月对尼洋河流域浮游植物群落的种类组成、分布和数量特征进行了调查：共发现浮游植物共26属74种(变种),以硅藻为主,大多数种类的相对丰富度较低,优势种不明显,平均相对丰富度大于5%的种类分别是极细微曲壳藻(90%)、弧型蛾眉藻线形变种(54%)、中型脆杆藻(53%)和尖针杆藻(5%);其出现频次分别是19、20、17和20次。种类分布均匀,平均细胞密度为225×104 ind./L,远低于一般河流和湖泊。分析显示绝大多数样点浮游植物的多样性和均匀度指数都很高,其均值分别为364和095。以上结果表明该流域浮游植物群落结构比较复杂、处于较完整的稳定状态,体现了尼洋河流域贫营养河流水体的特征。TWINSPAN和DCA分析表明海拔高度和环境的稳定程度可能是影响该流域浮游植物群落多样性的主要因子     

PCR-DGGE技术解析A~2/O工艺好氧单元中微生物群落结构

应用PCR-DGGE方法,追踪了汉沽工业废水处理中好氧工艺的活性污泥系统中微生物群落结构动态变化过程及其微生物群落结构组成。研究结果表明：系统中的微生物群落结构随水质变化而变化,随着培养时间的延长,微生物群落结构趋于稳定,分别属于5大类群,与γ、δ、α、ε变形杆菌（Proteobacterias）、芽孢杆菌（Bacilli）的亲缘关系较近。其中γ变形杆菌是该废水处理过程中的主要菌群,包括Pseudomonas sp.、Rheinheimera sp.、Citrobacter sp.、Klebsiella sp.、Enterbacte-riaceae、Stenotrophomonas maltophilia、Acinetobacter。在整个系统中uncultured Pseudomonas sp.、Halobacillus sp.、Pseudomonassp.、Pseudomonas stutzeri、Acinetobacter sp.可稳定存在于系统中,为该污水处理系统中的优势微生物。因此,提高Halobacillussp.、Pseudomonas sp.、Pseudomonas stutzeri、Acinetobacter sp.菌属在系统中的数量和质量,有利于提高废水生化处理的效果。     

网络创意产业、低碳经济与上海都市型工业园转型

兴起于1990年代的都市型工业园为大都市经济发展、城市充分就业、城市空间合理利用做出了积极贡献。然而面临信息技术快速发展、低碳城市建设和大都市新经济迅速兴起,都市型工业园转型势在必行。深入剖析网络创意产业与低碳经济的本质,认为网络创意产业是都市型工业园转型和发展低碳经济的首选。以上海为例,采用统计方法对比分析都市工业行业发展现状和制约因素,从创意产业和低碳经济的内涵针对都市工业园转型,建构了都市工业园转型的理念、路径和规划策略。通过建构上海典型都市工业园转型与网络创意产业发展耦合路径引介,为我国其他都市区工业园转型和建设提供借鉴     

美国环境产业相关政策及启示

本文将美国的环境产业发展过程划分为三个阶段，并对后两个阶段的政策特点进行了分析。最后，借鉴美国环境产业相关的政篆并结合我国国情，提出了针对我国环境产业发展的建议。     

Advances in air pollution control for key industries in China during the 13th five-year plan

Industrial development is an essential foundation of the national economy, but the industry is also the largest source of air pollution, of which power plants, iron and steel, building materials, and other industries emit large amounts of pollutants. Therefore, the Chinese government has promulgated a series of stringent emission regulations, and it is against this backdrop that research into air pollution control technologies for key industrial sectors is in full swing. In particular, during the 13th Five-Year Plan, breakthroughs have been made in pollution control technology for key industrial sectors. A multi-pollutant treatment technology system of desulfurization, denitrification, and dust collection, which applies to key industries such as power plants, steel, and building materials, has been developed. High-performance materials for the treatment of different pollutants, such as denitrification catalysts and desulfurization absorbers, were developed. At the same time, multi-pollutant synergistic removal technologies for flue gas in various industries have also become a hot research topic, with important breakthroughs in the synergistic removal of NO_x, SO_x, and Hg. Due to the increasingly stringent emission standards and regulations in China, there is still a need to work on the development of multi-pollutant synergistic technologies and further research and development of synergistic abatement technologies for CO₂ to meet the requirements of ultra-low emissions in industrial sectors.