INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN OPTIMIZATION: MODELING ECONOMIC AND HYDROLOGIC INTERDEPENDENCE1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents an integrated optimal control model that optimizes economic performance of reservoir management in watersheds in which there are significant economic and hydrologic interdependencies. The model is solved using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). Results show that application of this model to New Mexico's Rio Chama basin can increase total system benefits over historical benefits by exploiting complementarities between hydroelectricity production, instream recreation, and downstream lake recreation.     

OPTIMIZATION MODELING OF A NEW FACILITY FOR THE CALIFORNIA STATE WATER PROJECT1

ABSTRACT: A non-linear optimization model is applied to the California State Water Project (SWP) and portions of the Central Valley Project (CVP). The model accounts for the major hydrologic, regulatory, and operational features of both projects. The model maximizes long-term SWP yields over a 70-year period, using a quarterly time step. The potential for increased yield associated with a proposed facility improvement is evaluated with the model. The proposed facility is an extension of the Folsom-South Canal, which would allow water to be conveyed from the American River below Folsom Reservoir into New Melones Reservoir on the Stanislaus River or into the California Aqueduct. Model results indicate that extension of the Folsom-South Canal has the potential to increase SWP yields by 13 percent.     

森林大火潜在危险和可燃物干旱度研究

介绍了森林大火潜在危险的可燃物干旱度指标研究，以及干旱度指数ＳＤＩ的计算方法，同时对干旱度指数进行了划分确定，以便在森林大火预报中作参考使用。     

Accidents and risk control

A framework for transformation of knowledge and experience from risk analysis to emergency education is presented. An accident model was developed built on the concept “uncontrolled flow of energy (UFOE)”, where essential elements are the state, location and movement of the energy. A UFOE can be considered as the driving force of an accident, e.g. an explosion, a release of heavy gases. A domain model has been developed for representing emergencies occurring in society. A domain is a group of activities with allied goals and elements, and the domain model uses three main categories: status, context and objectives. Ten specific domains have been investigated including process plant, energy production and distribution, natural disasters and different sorts of transport. Totally 25 accident cases were consulted and information was extracted for filling into the schematic representations with two to four cases pr. specific domain.     

现代生态理论及技术在城市生态规划中的应用途径

生态城市建设使城市生态规划逐步成为全球城市研究的热点。本文在对城市生态规划的概念厦研究进展厦主要研究内容进行简要论述的基础上，对目前国际上比较流行的生态安全格局理论、生态足迹理论、生态系统健康理论等现代生态理论，以及遥感和地理信息系统技术等先进技术在城市生态规划研究中的应用途径进行了论述。     

农业气象干旱指标研究综述

干旱作为最严重的气象灾害之一，已经对我国社会经济和人民生活造成严重影响。结合农业干旱和气象干旱基本理论，对农业气象干旱的定义及指标作了较为详细的综述与评价，指出了不同指标的优点和缺点，对今后的研究方向进行了展望，为干旱的监测和评估及农业防灾减灾研究提供了方法和依据。     

遥感技术在小城镇发展规划中的应用

对卫星遥感技术在小城镇发展规划中的应用进行了分析，包括小城镇空间布局信息分析、小城镇区位分析和小城镇环境污染分析，介绍了遥感技术在小城镇变化监测中的应用。分析表明，遥感技术能为小城镇发展规划提供众多基础数据，具有广阔的应用前景，但不能完全取代地面调查。     

主题旅游活动项目策划研究--以峨眉山"2004年百姓生活游"旅游活动项目策划为例

自1992年以来，我国国家旅游局每年推出一个专项旅游产品作为对外宣传口号。为配合此项活动的开展，各地纷纷组织了相应的主题旅游活动。通过主题旅游活动的开展，能够有效地整合区域旅游资源、提升旅游目的地形象、丰富旅游目的地产品类型、促进旅游基础设施和服务设施建设、弘扬当地传统文化。通过对峨眉山“2004年百姓生活游”主题旅游活动项目策划的研究，对主题旅游活动项目策划的理论与方法进行了初步探讨。     

农业旱灾监测中土壤水分遥感反演研究进展

土壤水分是农业干旱监测最重要的指标之一。文章全面回顾了光学遥感和微波遥感土壤水分遥感反演进展，重点讨论了符种反演方法的优点和不足。光学遥感中，热惯量法和作物缺水指数法可分别较好地应用于裸露地和作物覆盖地的土壤水分监测；距平植被指数、植被条件指数采用了植被指数因子实现农业旱情监测，温度植被指数、植被供水指数和条件植被温度指数同时考虑了作物植被指数和地表温度。微波遥感被认为是当前土壤水分监测中最有效的方法。主动微波遥感空间分辨率较高，但对土壤粗糙度和植被敏感；被动微波遥感空间分辨率低，重访周期短，对大尺度农业旱灾监测具有较大潜力。为提高农业旱灾监测巾土壤水分遥感反演的精度和效率，采用光学遥感和微波遥感的结合可能是较为实际的方法。     

区域风险评价方法研究

基于定量风险评价的基本原理,提出一种区域风险评价方法。主要针对有多个重大危险源存在的区域,在对单个危险源进行风险评价的基础上,应用叠加原理得到描述该区域整体风险状况的定量评价结果。同时考虑了消防部门和医疗机构在事故应急救援中的积极作用,并将其量化为区域风险的补偿系数。通过实例验证了该方法的可行性,展示了该方法的应用效果。区域风险评价方法不仅能够反映区域风险的分布状况,而且对区域重大危险源的规划和布局具有较好的决策支持作用。