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101.
地下水有机污染源识别技术体系研究与示范 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
地下水有机污染点多面广、污染源不清、治理难度大,如何从源头上控制污染源,减少污染源对地下水的威胁,是地下水污染控制和治理的关键.以典型污染场地为例开展有机污染源辨识研究,建立地下水有机污染源识别技术体系,并应用于典型污染场地地下水有机污染源的识别.在掌握污染场地地质、水文地质条件的基础上,从大量地下水分析化验数据中,确定污染场地特征污染物为四氯化碳,建立污染场地溶质运移模型,并结合单体同位素技术,通过模型反演和同位素溯源,确定了典型场地有机污染源的分布、污染现状,并对识别出的潜在污染源进行调查和土壤取样分析,结果表明,辨识出的两个历史污染源位置、污染物浓度分布结果可靠,为地下水污染治理提供了依据. 相似文献
102.
This paper examines the role of community-based management (CBM) in dealing with the problem of mine water pollution (MWP) in four ex-pit sites in northeast England. The outcomes of CBM can be divided into two categories: ecological (environmental improvement) and social (community improvement). The ecological outcomes range from problem recognition to investigation and remediation; the social outcomes range from community awareness to participation and enhanced cooperation. Both kinds of outcome were completely achieved in only one site (Quaking Houses). In the other three sites, varying degrees of success were achieved in each category. The main lessons learned are two-fold: first, even if CBM does not achieve its ecological aims, it may nonetheless be valuable in achieving social outcomes; second, its chances of achieving either ecological or social outcomes are linked to the resources (human, technical, financial, experiential, structural, legitimacy and network) that the community possesses. 相似文献
103.
The concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) contained in landfill leachates from solid waste disposal sites were measured. The
concentrations of BPA contained in leachates from industrial waste sites were in the range below the detection limit to 2800 μg/l,
while those from municipal sites were in the range 26–8400 μg/l. The leachates from ash-rich sites contained relatively lower
concentrations of BPA compared with organic-rich leachates. It is suggested that BPA concentration increases with time after
the completion of reclamation in the case of ash-rich sites, whereas the concentration of BPA decreases with time in the case
of organic-rich sites. A 7-year survey on a site in Japan showed neither a decrease nor an increase in the concentration of
BPA during on-going reclamation. A leachate from a site in the Philippines contained high concentrations of BPA. A slight
positive correlation was found between BPA concentrations and total organic carbon (TOC). A major portion of the BPA in leachates
was found in dissolved and organic unassociated fractions, which cannot be precipitated by coagulation. More than 99.9% of
the BPA contained in raw leachates was removed by a conventional series of treatment processes consisting of biological treatment,
coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, and activated carbon adsorption.
Received: May 29, 2002 / Accepted: October 17, 2002 相似文献
104.
H. Takatsuki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(1):0026-0030
The worst case of illegal dumping of industrial waste in Japan occurred on Teshima Island. The disputes concerning the removal
and treatment of waste material were completely resolved. An outline of the process of arbitration and the terms of the agreement
are given. A technological examination committee was organized to resolve the problem of environmental pollution caused by
industrial wastes. An impermeable wall has been constructed on the north coast of the disposal area to prevent polluted water
from flowing out to sea. A total of 600 000 tons of industrial waste will be excavated and moved to Naoshima Island. This
material will be melted down and transformed into slag at a new melting furnace in Naoshima, with a capacity of 200 tons per
day. The slag will be reused as aggregate in concrete. Comprehensive environmental preservation measures and full environmental
monitoring of sewage and emission gas are planned in Teshima and Naoshima.
Received: June 10, 2002 / Accepted: June 10, 2002 相似文献
105.
H. Glenn Earhart 《Environmental management》1984,8(1):81-86
Correlation curves were developed relating nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) with total suspended solids (TSS) for diked upland dredged material placement site effluents of three US Army Corps of Engineers (COE) maintenance dredging projects in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. The procedure was developed in an effort to ensure compliance with Maryland's 400 milligrams per liter (mg/l) TSS standard for COE dredging projects. Samples of the sediments to be dredged were collected and analyzed, correlating turbidity readings with TSS determined by standard gravimetric techniques. The correlation curves were provided to the COE inspectors to measure the effluent with a turbidity meter and to extract a TSS concentration from the correlation curve. Samples collected and analyzed after initiation of the dredging indicated that the correlation curves were an overestimate of the actual TSS concentrations of the effluent discharges. The procedure, endorsed by the State of Maryland, provided immediate on-site TSS analysis eliminating the previously encountered delays in obtaining gravimetric analysis of effluent discharges and potential contract management problems. 相似文献
106.
典型铬渣污染场地健康风险评价及修复指导限值 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
通过对青海某化工厂铬渣污染场地钻孔采样,分析了样品质地及铬含量,得到场地的水文地质及铬污染状况.根据场地区域生活现状,运用美国环保局健康风险计算模型,评估了现有条件下该场地对周边居民的潜在健康风险.同时,结合场地的修复目标,应用地下水溶质运移方程及土壤中Cr6+的解吸曲线,探讨了场地污染物的修复指导限值.结果表明:场地表层0~4m为黄土状土,4~22m为砾砂,铬污染区域面积约4×104m2;现有条件下场地Cr6+对人体的健康风险值为9.39,需要对Cr6+进行修复治理,而Cr3+的健康风险值在可接受范围内;通过计算得到场地表层0~4m黄土状土Cr6+的修复值为60mg·kg-1;4~22m砾砂Cr6+修复值为15mg·kg-1. 相似文献
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110.
The adsorption of some heavy metals onto the walls of harvested, washed, and dried non-living biomass cells of different Pseudomonas strains was studied at optimum experimental conditions using a simplified single component system. The Langmuir adsorption model was found to be a suitable approach to describe the system via multi-step processes. Isotherms measured at 30.0°C and pH 5.5 with [M]total?=?10–100 mM for tight, reversible Cr6+(aq), Ni2+(aq), Cu2+(aq) and Cd2+(aq) binding by the cell walls of the investigated biomass fit the Langmuir model and give the pH-independent stoichiometric site capacities ν i and equilibrium constants K i for metal binding at specific biomass sites i?=?A, B, C, and D. Tight binding sites A, B, and D of the non-living biomass are occupied by CrVI, sites A and C by NiII, sites A and D by CdII, and only site B by CuII. It is concluded that ν i is a stoichiometric parameter that is independent of the magnitude of K i for binding site i and that the studied heavy metals selectively and tightly bind at different biomass sites. 相似文献