Overview of waste disposal and landfills/dumps in Asian countries

Many cities in developing Asian countries face serious problems in managing solid wastes. The annual waste generation increases in proportion to the rises in population and urbanization. Asian countries with greater rural populations produce more organic waste, such as kitchen wastes, and fewer recyclable items, such as paper, metals, and plastics. Reliable data on solid waste compositions are difficult to obtain, and even if available, they are often not updated. We report the most recent waste composition data in some developing Asian countries. We suggest that a better classification system for landfills is needed to address inconsistencies in data for sanitary landfill sites versus waste dumps. We also discuss the information on waste disposal trends and problems associated with general solid waste management in developing Asian countries.     

Can David and Goliath Get Along? Federal Land in Local Places

It is often unclear what the role of a local jurisdiction is with regard to land use management on nearby federal properties. Yet federal lands clearly impact nearby local communities. The US Department of Energy (DOE), with over 100 sites across the United States with varying degrees of environmental contamination, may be in a very difficult position with regard to relationships with local government about land use. Yet few, if any, studies have examined DOE land use issues. This study asks: (1) In general, how do local planners feel about federal government relationships with them? (2) Do local planners feel differently about the DOE than they do about other federal agencies? (3) What reasons explain any differences observed in answer to the second question? To answer these questions, local planners were interviewed from communities adjacent to non-DOE federal properties, and their responses compared to those of planners located near DOE facilities in the same regions. Findings showed that compared to other federal agencies that own land in the same regions, the DOE is relatively poorer at actively involving local officials in land use decisions at its sites. Primary reasons are the historic legacy of a culture of secrecy, focus on mission, and especially the lack of experience, training, or mandates in local planning cooperation. Findings also suggest that this attitude is markedly stronger in areas west of the Rocky Mountains. Recommendations for improved federal–local communications include the development of a vision for local government involvement that is supported by top levels of management and filtered effectively to the site level.     

SELECTION OF WASTE DISPOSAL SITES USING GIS1

ABSTRACT: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology is used to identify candidate sites for a solid waste disposal facility in the Gölbasi region of Turkey that has suffered from the negative impact of a current but poorly-located open-dump site on the environment. The municipality of Gölbasi has noticed its deleterious effect on the environment, and has thus decided to dismiss this open-dump site and search for new landfill sites. In this study, the procedure followed under a GIS framework rejects the unacceptable sites considering environmental factors exclusively, other than economic and political issues, contained in the form of multiple layers of attribute information to select the candidate sites for landfilling wastes through an overlay analysis performed by GIS software, ARC/INFO V 7.1. For the spatial data requirements of GIS, a number of thematic map layers (ground water, wetlands and swamp areas, surface water, roads, topographic contours, ecological features, settlements, erosion susceptibility zones, and soil type) are prepared in digital form. In this application, GIS is considered as a screening tool in a site selection process to narrow the number of candidate sites, subsequently leading to one or more sites for detailed investigation. Preliminary ranking for a group of potential sites is done on the basis of simple calculations coupled with on-site field studies.     

绵阳市城区空气优化布点的模糊聚类分析

本文介绍了通过硫酸盐化速率测定,运用模糊聚类分析,进行空气中SO_2监测布点优化研究的方法。     

污染场地环境调查的土壤监测点位布设方法初探

结合我国污染场地环境调查中土壤监测面临的现状,通过分析国外土壤监测采样的点位布设方法及国内相关技术标准的相应要求,对我国污染场地环境调查土壤监测的点位布设方法进行了探讨。提出土壤样品采集的平面点位、纵向分层布设应考虑的影响因素、基本原则和布点要求,分别对具体的平面、纵向采样点位布设方法进行了分析阐述,为开展污染场地环境调查的土壤监测采样提供借鉴。     

海洋围隔生态系中疏浚物倾倒对养殖贝类的生态效应研究

应用海上围隔实验技术现场模拟了疏浚物倾倒,并对倾倒引起的悬浮物浓度增加对海洋贝类的生态效应影响进行了研究.实验结果显示:倾倒引起的高悬浮物浓度易对贝类生物组织器官造成损害;贝类对疏浚物中溶出的重金属表现出较强的累积能力与一定的选择性,均优先累积Pb,且累积效应显著.海湾扇贝对Zn、Cu、Cd累积较明显,牡蛎对Cd累积较强,Cu、Zn有一定累积;菲律宾蛤仔对Zn、Cu、Cd均有一定累积.扇贝和蛤仔对Hg未呈现累积特征,而牡蛎对Hg有一定累积.倾倒所造成的悬浮物浓度增加直接加剧了贝类对重金属的累积.     

“十二五”地表水国家环境监测网络吉林省水环境国控监测点位布设的构想

根据国家环境质量监测网络,对十二五地表水环境质量监测断面调整工作要求,吉林省在辖区内所有水环境质量监测断面及采样点基础上,完成了松花江流域和辽河流域国控监测断面的优化调整工作。在此过程中,如何从国家尺度上,既能充分反映吉林省水环境质量状况,又能满足国家对地表水环境管理需求进行了深入思考。本文以吉林省为例,在确定国控监测断面及采样点的布设中,提出了自己的构想和建议。     

Effect of water vapor on NH3-NO/NO2 SCR performance of fresh and aged MnOx-NbOx-CeO2 catalysts

A MnOx–NbOx–CeO2 catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NOx with NH3 was prepared by a sol–gel method, and characterized by NH3–NO/NO2 SCR catalytic activity, NO/NH3 oxidation activity, NOx/NH3 TPD, XRD, BET, H2-TPR and in-situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy(DRIFTS). The results indicate that the Mn Ox–Nb Ox–CeO2 catalyst shows excellent low temperature NH3-SCR activity in the temperature range of 150–300℃. Water vapor inhibits the low temperature activity of the catalyst in standard SCR due to the inhibition of NOx adsorption. As the NO2 content increases in the feed, water vapor does not affect the activity in NO2 SCR. Meanwhile, water vapor significantly enhances the N2 selectivity of the fresh and the aged catalysts due to its inhibition of the decomposition of NH4NO3 into N2O.     

基于深度学习的污染场地作业人员着装规范性检测

为解决污染场地修复作业中缺乏统一的人员安全保障管理措施以及人工监管困难的问题,结合HSE理念提出1种基于优化Faster R-CNN的作业人员着装规范性检测算法。该方法在回归损失函数中引入L2正则项,既保证模型的泛化能力,又提高深层网络模型收敛速度。基于自建着装规范数据集（Dress Code Dataset）进行实验,评价算法检测时间和mAP等指标。结果表明:所提出的着装规范性检测算法检测时间为44 ms,mAP为88.17%,解决了传统检测算法中实时性和准确率低的问题,且模型具有更好的泛化性和鲁棒性。     

重点行业的关注污染物与环境危害简析

经济的高速发展加速了城市化的进程,许多原有的污染行业面临着废弃或关闭,因而产生了大量的污染场地(又称为"棕地").污染场地对人体健康和环境呈现潜在的风险,限制经济的可持续发展和社会稳定.对筛选的10个重点行业的工艺过程进行简要描述,总结了重点行业的工艺过程,潜在的污染源区以及关注污染物的迁移和持久性,并分析了污染物对人...