石油炼制项目环境影响评价中的清洁生产评价

石油炼制业是高污染高能耗行业,在我国,该行业存在着巨大的清洁生产潜力,发掘这些潜力对于节能减排有着重要的意义。文中通过频度统计-资料调研-专家咨询的方法,建立了炼油行业清洁生产评价的一般性指标体系。采用了定性指标也参与定量化评价的方法,对某炼油厂新建600万t/a常减压蒸馏装置进行了清洁生产评价实践,判断出其清洁生产潜力,提出了清洁生产改进措施。通过实践,验证了评价程序与方法的可行性,并提出了今后发展的建议。该研究对炼油企业拟建项目的清洁生产评价、现有工程的清洁生产审核以及企业实施清洁生产后的清洁生产绩效评价有一定的实际指导意义。     

Numerical investigation on performance of protective layer around large-scale chemical storage tank against impact by projectile

The protective layer of chemical storage tank has a significant effect in risk mitigation of projectile-related accidents but the research is still in infancy. In order to investigate the performance of protective layer against projectile, dynamic response process of the large-scale vertical storage tank impacted by the end-cap fragment is simulated based on the LS-DYNA. In this paper, some key factors (thickness, layering order and number of layers) affecting its performance are discussed, which can be characterized by the deformation degrees of the target tank. It is found that the anti-penetration performance is improved rapidly with the increase of thickness, and aluminum (Al) protective layer shows a higher sensitivity to thickness change compared to Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) protective layer. Three double-layered protective layers for different sequences are investigated and the Al-UHMWPE protective layer shows best performance. For the Al protective layers arranged in various combinations of equivalent total thickness, better performance is provided by monolithic structures than layered one. This study demonstrated the rational design of the protective layer around chemical storage tanks in material selection and structure configuration.     

亚洲地区稻田N2O排放影响因子统计模拟分析

关于稻田N2O排放大样本统计分析大多只涉及水分因子和肥料因子,本研究收集历年亚洲稻田N2O排放资料和更多影响因子(水分管理、肥料类型及用量、土壤属性、气候和水稻类型等)的相关信息,从中筛选出具有统计学意义的因子,构建排放通量和上述因子的统计模型.具有统计学意义的因子包括不同水分管理措施、肥料用量、不同有机肥类型、不同p...     

Integration of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell in a sugar-ethanol factory: analysis of the efficiency and the environmental profile of the products

The effect of the integration of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology in a sugar-ethanol factory on the environmental profile/footprint of the products (sugar, ethanol, electricity) is evaluated. The sugarcane is the primary feedstock and sugar, ethanol and electricity are the main products of the system, where the functional unit is defined as 9.86 ton/h of sugar, 2.195 ton/h of hydrated ethanol (96% w/w) and 847 kWh of electricity. A detailed set of material and energy inputs and outputs was obtained from a local factory and was completed using simulation data by Aspen Plus^®.The environmental impacts (greenhouse gases and air pollution), exergy efficiency and a renewability parameter have been considered as indicators for the comparative assessment with conventional sugar, ethanol and electricity production technologies. The results show that the use of a SOFC technology involves a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (52-55%) and non-renewable resources (60-64%) when compared with the conventional integrated sugar and ethanol plant. The higher renewability index (0.93) and exergy efficiency (38%) are noticed for the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell technology integrated in the sugar-ethanol factory than conventional sugar-ethanol plant.     

大气环境影响评价导则修订与对比分析

环境影响评价技术导则--大气环境>(HJ 2.2-2008)于2008年12月正式颁布,与原大气导则((HJ/T 2.2-93))相比,修订后的大气导则各章节都有不同程度的修改,其中改动较大的是评价等级分级、推荐预测模式、大气环境防护距离等内容.导则修订过程中,结合国家最新环境保护政策及管理要求,修改完善了导则各条款规...     

国内外学者对公众参与环境保护问题的研究进展

保护环境是我国的基本国策,而对公众参与的研究这一环境保护中的重要工作,在我国起步较晚,文章通过比较国内外学者对公众参与环境保护问题的研究进展,从参与者的行为入手,得出我国公众参与存在的问题。     

水利项目对水环境的影响及防护措施分析

摘要：水利工程建设项目为非污染生态破坏型建设项目,该类建设项目对水环境的影响按影响程度和影响类型可分为施工期影响和运行期影响,影响对象主要为水体、河流、及相关的生态环境等。本文对水利工程建设对水环境的影响进行分析,并提出了防范措施,为水利工程项目的设计、建设、后期的管理及环保措施的落实提供了依据。     

浅论环境监测与环境影响评价的关系

环境监测贯穿于整个环境影响评价体系中,环境影响评价又必须由环境监测数据来支撑。在介绍环境监测与环境影响评价的内容及职能基础上,分析了两者的关系,指出了目前环评中环境监测存在的问题,并提出对策建议。     

中国和欧美国家环境影响评价流程对比分析

环境影响评价在环境保护中起着重要的作用,而中国环境影响评价工作起步较晚,环境影响评价的技术方法及导则在实践中不断更新;欧美国家作为环境影响评价工作实施较早的国家,对环境影响评价流程及报告内容作了详细规定,也为中国的环境影响评价工作提供了宝贵经验,为了切实发挥环境影响评价的作用,应根据中国的实际情况,在可行性方案比选、公众咨询及参与、项目实施后监测等方面进行改进。     

浅谈榆林市府谷县煤炭资源整合环境影响评价中杜松自然保护区问题

文章阐述了府谷县煤炭资源整合工作中出现的整合方案设置与杜松自然保护区冲突的问题,有针对性地提出了环境影响评价中的评价方案或思路,实现煤炭资源合理开发与生态环境可持续发展的双赢。