中国沿海地区水资源及生态环境持续利用战略

由于地质和地理条件的特殊性,沿海地区生态环境极其脆弱和敏感。水资源短缺、水环境污染、海水入侵、地面沉降、生态环境退化和海平面上升,已构成我国沿海地区实现可持续发展战略面临的重大资源和环境问题。水资源和生态环境的持续利用,已成为我国沿海地区一项极其重要的战略任务。根据可持续发展理论,通过建立适应水资源持续利用的管理体制、政策和运行机制,采取生态环境可持续保护策略,可完全达到水资源和生态环境的持续利用,并有效实现中国沿海地区资源、环境与经济、社会的有机协调及经济、社会的持续、稳定、健康发展     

京津冀地区大气主要污染物虚拟治理成本分摊研究

京津冀地区空气质量跨区域补偿机制欠缺,已成为制约该区域大气污染联防联控的短板.基于投入产出模型,核算了 2017年生产者负责原则与消费者负责原则下京津冀地区大气污染虚拟治理成本,分析了空气质量补偿主体及资金规模.结果发现,京津冀地区污染物排放具有较强的区域关联关系,说明治理大气污染不只要关注本地减排,还要加强不同地区间...     

生态足迹核算方法及其应用研究进展

近年来,生态足迹作为可持续发展的有效度量工具之一,获得了广泛关注。在参阅相关文献的基础上,系统总结了生态足迹核算方法及其应用特点和趋势,结果表明,（1）在核算方法上尚存争议,目前主要的核算方法有3种：传统土地足迹法;能值足迹法;投入产出足迹法。（2）从静态足迹核算朝时间序列足迹分析和动态情景足迹预测演化。（3）尽管在各个尺度上都有应用,但生态足迹目前仅被看作是交流工具,用于决策分析的意义不大。拓展其在企业及其产品系统的应用,将是其应用价值体现的一个突破口。（4）生态足迹作为一系列指标的一部分时,发挥作用更大。（5）生态足迹应加强与现有核算体系（如GDP）的衔接,增加其被决策者接纳的可能性。     

基于物质流分析的可持续发展方法探讨——以珠江三角洲为例

文章以珠江三角洲为例,选取区域物质总需求、区域过程总排放、区域总排放等指标,对珠江三角洲社会经济系统的物质流进行核算,结果表明:(1)珠江三角洲区域物质总需求、区域总排放年均递减率在7%以上,资源使用密度、单位GDP物质排放年均分别减少10.3%、11.4%。说明珠江三角洲产业结构开始升级,环境朝着利好方向发展。(2)隐藏流在各类相关指标中占有比例较高,占区域总排放的比例年均高达98%。说明推行减量化生产,提高物质利用率,进一步推动循环经济发展已迫在眉睫。(3)物质排放强度地域差异明显,惠州、肇庆、中山、江门历年均低于珠江三角洲平均水平,深圳、东莞远高于平均水平;IPAT分析显示,A呈上升趋势,T值呈逐年下降的趋势。总体来看,珠江三角洲发展循环经济具有极大的潜力,也具有极强的现实意义。     

火电厂海水淡化工艺的技术经济分析及选择

简述了膜法与低温多效蒸馏法海水淡化原理,对低温多效和多套反渗透海水淡化装置进行了技术经济比较分析,比较分析了其制水综合成本和运行成本。比较结果表明,低温多效法高于反渗透法,反渗透法海水淡化加一级反渗透与低温多效法相当。并且,对八角电厂2种待选海水淡化方案做了经济技术比较,最终确定了八角电厂的海水淡化方案。     

国家环境经济政策进展评估报告2022

本年度报告采取实地调研法和政策分析法,针对2022年我国环境经济政策实践开展系统评估,总体认为2022年环境经济政策体系建设不断完善,环境经济政策改革与创新工作取得积极进展,有力推动了高质量发展动力转换、绿色发展结构转型,在生态文明与美丽中国建设中发挥了重要作用。未来需要进一步优化环境经济政策,建立健全一套更加科学合理、公平长效、激发活力的环境经济政策体系,充分支撑环境质量改善与高质量发展。     

Nature of property rights and motivation for blue growth: An empirical evidence from the fisheries industry

If unauthorized resource use is prevented, managing marine resources by allocating property rights may match economic and environmental conservation incentives. However, because of the developing exploitation of marine resources and accompanying pollution, species' living conditions in Europe's waters are changing more quickly than before. By considering the roles of fisheries productivity, intellectual property rights, intellectual capital rights, market size, governance, and economic growth from 1990 to 2022, this paper aims to investigate the dynamic effect of property rights factors on the sustainability of the fisheries industry in 27 European countries. At higher quantiles, the findings showed a significant positive association between governance and fisheries sustainability adopting a new method, the MMQR with fixed effects, the Method of Moments Quantile Regression. In addition, in EU27 nations, the impact of intellectual property rights was favorable and statistically significant from the first to ninth quantiles. The findings show that the EU14 developed nations have more excellent governance and intellectual capital rights than the EU13 developing countries, significantly benefiting fisheries sustainability. In the same way that market size and economic growth condense fisheries sustainability in EU14 developed and EU13 developing countries, it has been discovered that intellectual property rights do the same across all quantiles, supporting the growth hypothesis for fisheries-producing countries. The findings specifically show that the beneficial solid impact of intellectual property rights, market size, and economic development on the sustainability of fisheries is more significant in EU13 developing nations than in EU14 developed countries. These results provide policymakers with helpful information for promoting property rights aspects in EU14 and EU13 nations via effective green technologies in the fisheries sector to meet sustainable development objectives.     

How does economic complexity influence environmental degradation? New insights from African countries

This paper seeks to investigate the effect of economic complexity on environmental degradation in 20 selected African countries over the period 1991–2014. The Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS), and Driscoll-Kraay estimators (DK) are used to capture the objectives of the study. The results suggest that economic complexity and economic growth enhance environmental degradation. Also, natural resources rents and globalization improve environmental quality. Furthermore, the findings reject the U-shaped relationship between economic complexity and environmental degradation. In addition, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test shows a bidirectional causal relation between economic complexity and environmental degradation. Taking into account the ecological deficit or ecological reserve status of country, it is shown that while the natural resource rents reduce environmental degradation in ecological reserve countries, they increase environmental degradation in ecological deficit countries. The results are robust when an alternative measure of economic complexity is used. Based on these findings, the paper suggests that the governments of African countries should take into account economic complexity when designing their environmental protection policies.     

Disaster risk from a macroeconomic perspective: a metric for fiscal vulnerability evaluation

The Disaster Deficit Index (DDI) measures macroeconomic and financial risk in a country according to possible catastrophic scenario events. Extreme disasters can generate financial deficit due to sudden and elevated need of resources to restore affected inventories. The DDI captures the relationship between the economic loss that a country could experience when a catastrophic event occurs and the availability of funds to address the situation. The proposed model utilises the procedures of the insurance industry in establishing probable losses, based on critical impacts during a given period of exposure; for economic resilience, the model allows one to calculate the country's financial ability to cope with a critical impact. There are limitations and costs associated with access to resources that one must consider as feasible values according to the country's macroeconomic and financial conditions. This paper presents the DDI model and the results of its application to 19 countries of the Americas and aims to guide governmental decision‐making in disaster risk reduction.     

可达性视角下东北地区城市群的高铁效应

利用2004—2015年列车实际运营数据,构建广义加权旅行时间模型,探究我国东北地区城市群可达性的空间分布特征。结果表明:①高铁开通后,东北地区城市群的可达性水平有较大程度的提高,地级市较为明显;空间上,提高较为明显的区域集中在铁路沿线以及辽中南城市群的部分城市。②高铁对东北地区第三产业集聚现象并不明显。③城市可达性水平的提高可以促进东北地区城市群经济增长,高铁的开通对于地区经济增长具有溢出效应。