毛竹林生态系统动态经济阈值

运用经济阈值（ET）的研究方法建立了毛竹林生态系统经济阈值模型。探讨了毛竹林生态系统一元和二元复合动态经济阈值，研究结果表明：对于不同的毛竹林分，林分立竹度（N）越大，其经济阈值（ET）也随之增大，对于同一毛竹林分来说，经济阈值随着笋的平均价格（Ps)，贴现率（δ），笋的平均单重（Ws)，每年挖去笋增量的比例（k）和经营时间（t)特等因子的增大而增大，而随着竹材的平均价格（PB），成竹率（R）的增大而减少，此外，还进一步分析了毛竹林经济阈值与Ps,PB两个主要影响因子之间的复合动态变化关系。结果表明PB对毛竹林经济阈值的影响较Ps大，并编制了毛竹林生态系统二元复合动态经济阈值一览表。从而为实现毛竹林的丰产经营提供方便与指导。     

Testing the impact of social forces on the evolution of Sahelian farming systems: A combined agent-based modeling and anthropological approach

This article presents the results of a methodology based on an extensive sociological fieldwork in three different sites settled along a gradient of aridity in Nigerien Sahel. This fieldwork led to build a set of rules for the behaviour of individuals in non-pastoralist villages. We implemented these rules into an agent-based model simulating three village archetypes. Each archetype includes biophysical, economical, social agricultural and livestock modules. Results from simulations with no social transition processes show that villages specialize themselves into different economic activities according to natural resource specificities: A decreasing intensification gradient is observed from the most favoured site, with more local productions and good ecological indicators, to the less-favoured site, with a growing proportion of the population wealth coming from migration remittances and “off-shore” livestock. Two family transition processes were implemented, following field observations and literature-based hypotheses: family organizations evolve between a patriarchal mode and a non-cooperative mode following tensions due to income redistribution. Family inheritance systems evolve from a “customary” one-heir mode to a “local Muslim” mode in which all males inherits land. This evolution depends on family tensions due to land availability. Once introducing these processes, the population of each site differentiates itself into specialized groups according to size, assets and social status. Meanwhile, the group proportions and specializations strongly vary according to the sites but they are all characterized by the emergence of individualistic family types and the increase of the village populations’ robustness.     

Tourism effects on the environment and economic sustainability of sub-Saharan Africa

This paper integrates tourism, economic growth, and environmental issues in a multivariate format. Unlike recent research on this topic, a panel data of selected sample nations of sub-Saharan Africa is adopted by using cointegration and panel regression models. The current research discovers both long-run equilibrium and short-run dynamics between economic growth, tourism, energy use, and carbon emissions in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, tourism and energy use show a highly significant direct impact on economic growth. In addition, tourism, energy use, and economic growth yield a highly significant positive effect on carbon emissions. Dissecting the region into oil producers and non-oil producers further suggests that the economic growth of sub-Saharan Africa has been accomplished by strong growth in tourism and energy use. However, there is highly significant evidence that in oil producing countries, CO₂ emissions are directly affected by energy use and economic growth and not by tourism. For non-oil producing countries, tourism and energy use but not economic growth incur a highly significant positive impact on carbon emissions.     

论水资源格局与可持续发展

以可持续发展理论为指导,分析了我国水资源自然格局及利用格局的现状与问题,提出了作为可持续发展重要支撑的水资源,其可持续利用的根本途径是建立可持续发展的水资源格局,即流域经济系统格局,并实现流域基础上的区域竞争与协作一体化     

基于环境库兹涅茨模型的河南省经济与环境关系分析研究

文章在综述国内外学者对环境库兹涅茨曲线研究的基础上,选取河南省1997年-2011年的经济与环境数据,建立了计量模型,分析了经济增长与多个环境指标之间的关系。实证研究表明,河南省经济增长与环境状况之间尚未呈倒“U”曲线特征,工业“三废”处于倒“U”型的上升阶段,工业COD和工业SO2分别呈现倒“N”型和“N”型的波浪形状。河南省总体环境压力依然较大,对河南省环境保护工作提出了政策建议。     

暴雨洪涝灾害对社会经济和人民生活的影响分析

自然灾害的发生不仅给人类社会造成直接的损害,还具有极强的后效效应,本文以分析暴雨洪涝灾害对我国国民经济和灾区经济的影响情况,揭示了暴雨洪涝灾害对社会经济发生的短期和长期影响特征。     

生产函数的确定及其在经济损失分析中的应用

考察了Cobb-Douglas生产函数及其几种改进模型的适用范围,以确定适用于震后各生产领域的经济损失评估模型。通过以某市历年投入产出资料为例,说明了其在评定地震损失中的应用。     

我国安全生产发展趋势的计量分析

在分析我国1990—2005年安全生产指标变动规律的基础上,建立了安全生产指标的长期趋势模型,并对安全生产指标进行了预测。同时,分别以人均GDP指标为解释变量、安全生产指标为被解释变量建立了计量关系模型,以此反映我国安全生产随经济发展的变动规律。研究表明,从业人员10万人死亡率呈波动上升趋势,与人均GDP指标存在显著二次关系;亿元GDP死亡率指标呈现持续下降趋势。这表明在我国经济总量快速增长的过程中安全负担水平得到了较好控制。     

乐山市诱发地震的社会影响及对策

本文简述了健为县罗城镇的注水采盐诱发地震和沙湾区铜街子水库蓄水诱发地震的影响及对策。     

Sea Cucumber Aquaculture in the Western Indian Ocean: Challenges for Sustainable Livelihood and Stock Improvement

The decline in sea cucumber fisheries that serve the Asian dried seafood market has prompted an increase in global sea cucumber aquaculture. The tropical sandfish (Holothuria scabra) has, in this context, been reared and produced with mixed success. In the Western Indian Ocean, villagers often participate in the export fishery for sea cucumbers as a source of income. However, with a growing concern of depleted stocks introduction of hatcheries to farm sandfish as a community livelihood and to replenish wild stocks is being promoted. This review identifies and discusses a number of aspects that constitute constraints or implications with regard to development of sandfish farming in the region. The conclusion is that for sandfish farming to live up to its expectations the possible impacts need to be further studied, and that improved evaluation of ongoing projects is required. In the interim, a precautionary approach toward new enterprise activities is suggested.