水资源定价方法的初步探讨

根据水资源的特点,分析了开展水资源定价研究的目的和意义,设计了水资源存在价值及其经济价值确定方法的研究思路,研究认为,探讨水资源存在价值应考虑其本身的价值和环境容量虚幻成本２方面;水资源经济价值则包括水淘汰存在价值和水资源转化为水资源商品后物化的使用价值,这里的使用价值又包含水资源污染治理及损害成本、稀缺性价值、边际运行成本和边际时间成本等４个方面,在以上分析的基础上,给出了水资源定价的计算模型,     

中国沿海地区水资源及生态环境持续利用战略

由于地质和地理条件的特殊性,沿海地区生态环境极其脆弱和敏感。水资源短缺、水环境污染、海水入侵、地面沉降、生态环境退化和海平面上升,已构成我国沿海地区实现可持续发展战略面临的重大资源和环境问题。水资源和生态环境的持续利用,已成为我国沿海地区一项极其重要的战略任务。根据可持续发展理论,通过建立适应水资源持续利用的管理体制、政策和运行机制,采取生态环境可持续保护策略,可完全达到水资源和生态环境的持续利用,并有效实现中国沿海地区资源、环境与经济、社会的有机协调及经济、社会的持续、稳定、健康发展     

高效生活污水处理装置--高性能合并处理净化槽

详细介绍了从日本引进的一体化生活污水处理装置--高性能合并处理净化槽的特点、运行机理和在日本的应用情况.     

临界区甲醇的聚碳酸酯降解研究

在间歇高压反应器中研究了聚碳酸酯在甲醇临界区域的降解行为 .降解无需借助催化剂 ,降解温度 2 2 0— 2 6 0℃ ,压力5 2 0— 8 6 7MPa ,时间 5— 4 5min ,通过GC MS与GC FID对液相产物进行了定性和定量分析 ,聚碳酸酯醇解主要产物为碳酸二甲酯 (DMC)和双酚A(BPA) .降解温度和时间为 2 4 0℃和 30min时 ,DMC和BPA的产率分别 91 75 %和 90 0 3% .通过凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC)对 2 4 0℃醇解反应的固相聚合物进行了分析 .降解初期 ,聚合物大分子发生断裂 ,PC的数均分子量 (Mn)迅速下降 ,仅有少量DMC和BPA生成 ;降解的中间阶段 ,低聚物在降解产物中的比例快速增加 ,同时DMC与BPA相应增多 ,最终PC被完全分解 .     

电解对氯苯酚稀水溶液中脱氯降解机理研究

利用石墨电极进行了多种条件下对氯苯酚水溶液的电解研究。研究结果表明,CODCr去除率和脱氯率随电压的升高呈先升高后下降的趋势、随对氯苯酚质量浓度的升高呈指数下降、随溶液pH的升高而升高。碱性条件下电解效果明显优于中性和酸性条件。在电压为10V,pH≈12,电解100mg L的对氯苯酚溶液2h后,CODCr去除率可达52 94%,脱氯率达52 8%。由脉冲辐解瞬态吸收光谱可知,中性、酸性条件下降解机制均为OH·自由基的作用,经过瞬态分子OH-adducts(OH加合物)的中间产物进一步氧化降解;碱性条件下通过OH·自由基和对氯苯酚氧基负离子的阳极直接失电子氧化作用2种降解机制,经过瞬态分子氯代酚氧自由基中间产物氧化降解对氯苯酚,产物分析结果显示生成了对苯二酚和苯醌等中间产物。      

电解催化降解有机物机理的高效液相色谱研究(Ⅱ)--动力学解析

苯酚与HO·作用的产物有两种 ,据此求解了苯酚在电解催化系统中随时间变化的动力学方程 ,根据动力学方程对在不同时间体系的高效液相色谱分析结果进行了最小二乘法拟合 ,表明苯酚的变化规律基本符合竞争连续反应模型。两种途径的表观一级反应速率常数分别为 :0 .0 82 2min- 1 和 0 .1 1 1 9min- 1 (对苯二酚途径 )、0 .0 0 75min- 1 和 0 .0 51 8min- 1 (邻苯二酚途径 )。由这些参数计算可知 ,有 97.2 8%的苯酚通过对苯二酚中间产物而得以氧化 ,只有 2 .72 %的苯酚通过邻苯二酚。对实验及拟合结果的进一步分析表明 ,苯酚在阳极附近被HO·氧化降解是非常快的 ,对苯二酚和邻苯二酚基本没有积累 ,平均只有 5 .45 %的对苯二酚和 35 .0 7%的邻苯二酚扩散到体相中去 ,而其他部分都连续地在阳极附近氧化掉了。这可能是有机污染物在电解催化氧化系统内降解过程的共同规律。     

废水中和系统聚丙烯酰胺阻垢效果和机理研究

对酸碱废水中和系统所形成污垢的成份进行了测定和对污垢阻垢效果的各种阻垢剂进行了筛选 ,进行了各种阻垢剂的阻垢机理研究 ,确定了聚丙烯酰胺既为絮凝剂又为阻垢剂的最佳投加量 ,保证了整个废水处理工艺的安全稳定运行 ,为聚丙烯酰胺多功能应用提供了科学依据     

A COST‐BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY PROTECTION IN THE CATAWBA BASIN1

ABSTRACT: The primary objective of this study was to perform a cost‐benefit analysis of maintaining the current level of water quality in the Catawba River basin. Economic benefits were estimated using a stated preference survey method designed to value respondents' willingness to pay for a management plan to protect water quality in the Catawba basin over time. From the surveys conducted with 1,085 area residents, we calculated an annual mean willingness to pay of $139 for the management plan, or more than $75.4 million for all taxpayers in the area. Over the five‐year time horizon in which respondents were asked to pay for the management plan, this resulted in a total economic benefit of $340.1 million. The Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework model was used to estimate the amount of management activities needed to protect the current level of water quality in the basin over time. Based on the model results, the total cost of the management plan was calculated to be $244.8 million over a ten‐year period. The resulting cost‐benefit analysis indicated that the potential benefits of this management plan would outweigh the costs by more than $95 million.     

International experience of green development in Western China: an overall review of policy and practice

Green development emphasizes co-development between economic and environmental dimensions, and is a people-centered sustainable development approach. Western China demands green development, and international experience could provide necessary, unique and important help and support for Western China to achieve its green development goals. This paper has made a comprehensive overall review and analysis of international experience in green development policy and its implementation, in particular, OECD countries’ (mostly Australia and Canada) experience have been analyzed following the major policy foci defined by the Task Force on Strategy and Policies on Environment and Development in Western China initiated by China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED). Data and information were gathered from the field surveys and investigations, expert meetings, as well as literature review. The main sessions include policy framework and road map establishment, implementation and performance assessment, co-development between economic development and environmental protection, as well as green employment and poverty alleviation. The paper has addressed five policy considerations for the future promotion of green development in Western China.     

飞机起落架材料防护技术现状及研究进展

介绍了飞机起落架高强度钢的防护工艺及其防护特点。传统的防护工艺主要是镀铬和镀镉工艺,目前出现了无氰镀镉-钛、高速火焰喷涂(HVOF)涂层、低氢脆刷镀镉等新型防护工艺。通过对各新型防护工艺与传统工艺的工艺性能及耐腐蚀性能进行对比发现,各新型防护工艺都能很好地取代传统的防护工艺应用于飞机起落架的保护。