松江镇饮用水源区水环境管理模型

本文运用系统工程的理论和方法,构造了松江镇饮用水源区水环境管理模型的结构,给出了各子模型形式。然后用多种信息处理方法得到模型中参数的估计值。实际应用表明,该模型精度较高,功能较强,实用性好。     

Harvesting in an eight-species ecosystem

The theory for a general equilibrium ecosystem model that can include large number of interacting species is presented. Features include: (1) individual plants and animals are assumed to behave as if they are maximizing their net energy intake, (2) short- and long-run equilibriums are obtained, (3) species’ population adjustments depend on individual net energies. The theory is applied using simulations of an eight-species Alaskan marine ecosystem for which a “natural” equilibrium is calculated. Humans are introduced by adding a regulated open access fishery that harvests one of the species. Fishing impacts the fish population as well as the populations of other species, including Stellar sea lions, an endangered species. The sensitivity of fish and nonfish species populations to harvesting are calculated.     

试论湖南经济新世纪发展的战略问题

名牌强省是湖南经济新世纪发展的重大战略，其基本思路应以名牌为龙头组建企业集团，实现经济的规模联动；以名牌为杠杆优化产业、产品结构，提高经济增长质量；以名牌为支撑提高企业竞争力，走名牌强省之路。     

从“治”到“化”的规模化养殖场废物处理的循环经济模式

首先讨论了“治”字思维模式下,我国禽畜养殖业规模化养殖场存在污染物既不经济又不环保的严峻现实问题。事实上,规模化禽畜养殖场产生的“废物”,既是严重的污染源,又是一种必须利用的资源。因此,针对规模化养殖场的污染物“治”字思维问题,在立足于粪便及污水的综合利用100%“资源化”的“化”字思维指导下,遵循循环经济原则,建立无废无污开放式闭合循环的生态经济新模式。一方面,养殖业所有流程按循环利用原则,实行生态工艺或无废工艺的改造;另一方面,在一个大的区域里把畜禽养殖业与其它产业,特别是大农业中的种植业以生态经济循环链锁关系配置成首尾相接的“废料—原料”的循环经济新模式,在达到边际成本最低的同时取得边际效益的最大化。     

水库网箱养鱼环境经济学分析

以密云水库为研究对象，分析了水库网箱养鱼对水库局部水域水质和水库出水水质的影响程度，并从环境经济学角度对水库网箱养鱼进行了费用－效益分析，指出应禁止在密云水库进行网箱养鱼作业。     

The sound of cooperation: Musical influences on cooperative behavior

Music as an environmental aspect of professional workplaces has been closely studied with respect to consumer behavior while sparse attention has been given to its relevance for employee behavior. In this article, we focus on the influence of music upon cooperative behavior within decision‐making groups. Based on results from two extended 20‐round public goods experiments, we find that happy music significantly and positively influences cooperative behavior. We also find a significant positive association between mood and cooperative behavior. Consequently, while our studies provide partial support for the relevance of affect in relation to cooperation within groups, we also show an independently important function of happy music that fits with a theory of synchronous and rhythmic activity as a social lubricant. More generally, our findings indicate that music and perhaps other atmospheric variables that are designed to prime consumer behavior might have comparably important effects for employees and consequently warrant closer investigation. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Journal of Organizational Behavior Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

安全经济学应用原理及新观点

安全经济学理论急需加速发展,才能适应新时期安全发展的新需要。论文运用理论研究和逻辑思辨方法,依据从实践到理论的原则,在简述有关安全经济学核心原理的基础上,归纳出安全经济问题的人性假设原理、现实安全经济问题的时空边际预设原理等14条安全经济学应用原理及一些推论,并基于安全经济学应用原理提出了安全是一种资源并可引申为一种等效生产要素、资本或产品的新观点。研究结果对发展安全经济学理论和创新安全管理模式等具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

城市用地扩张、规模经济与经济增长质量

城市用地扩张不仅影响经济增长数量,还通过产业结构升级、城市化、生态环境变化和规模经济等路径影响区域经济增长质量。城市用地扩张,促进市场范围扩大,有利于区域内与区域间开展分工合作,提升城市的集聚经济效益与规模经济水平;但若城市用地扩张使区域突破最优规模经济状态后,因管理与服务成本、交通成本和环境成本等快速增加,城市规模效率会下降,对经济增长质量产生负影响。实证研究结果表明:在全国、中部和西部地区3个空间维度,城市用地扩张与规模效率间存在倒U型关系,而在东部地区此关系并不成立;在4个空间维度,城市用地扩张通过规模经济路径对全要素生产率的影响都为负,表明城市用地扩张已使各区域突破最优规模经济状态,土地要素投入存在冗余现象,与资本、劳动等要素配置比例非最优。研究结果还表明,人力资本、城市化、产业结构升级、基础设施等变量对经济增长质量有正影响。     

A data-driven allocation tool for in-kind resources distributed by a state health department

Objective: The objective of this study was to leverage a state health department's operational data to allocate in-kind resources (children's car seats) to counties, with the proposition that need-based allocation could ultimately improve public health outcomes.

Methods: This study used a retrospective analysis of administrative data on car seats distributed to counties statewide by the Georgia Department of Public Health and development of a need-based allocation tool (presented as interactive supplemental digital content, adaptable to other types of in-kind public health resources) that relies on current county-level injury and sociodemographic data.

Results: Car seat allocation using public health data and a need-based formula resulted in substantially different recommended allocations to individual counties compared to historic distribution.

Conclusions: Results indicate that making an in-kind public health resource like car seats universally available results in a less equitable distribution of that resource compared to deliberate allocation according to public health need. Public health agencies can use local data to allocate in-kind resources consistent with health objectives; that is, in a manner offering the greatest potential health impact. Future analysis can determine whether the change to a more equitable allocation of resources is also more efficient, resulting in measurably improved public health outcomes.     

Application of the Anthropogenic Allee Effect Model to Trophy Hunting as a Conservation Tool

Trophy hunting can provide economic incentives to conserve wild species, but it can also involve risk when rare species are hunted. The anthropogenic Allee effect (AAE) is a conceptual model that seeks to explain how rarity may spread the seeds of further endangerment. The AAE model has increasingly been invoked in the context of trophy hunting, increasing concerns that such hunting may undermine rather than enhance conservation efforts. We question the appropriateness of uncritically applying the AAE model to trophy hunting for 4 reasons. First, the AAE assumes an open‐access resource, which is a poor characterization of most trophy‐hunting programs and obscures the potential for state, communal, or private‐property use rights to generate positive incentives for conservation. Second, study results that show the price of hunting increases as the rarity of the animal increases are insufficient to indicate the presence of AAE. Third, AAE ignores the existence of biological and behavioral factors operating in most trophy‐hunting contexts that tend to regulate the effect of hunting. We argue that site‐specific data, rather than aggregated hunting statistics, are required to demonstrate that patterns of unsustainable exploitation can be well explained by an AAE model. Instead, we suggest that conservation managers seeking to investigate and identify constraints that limit the potential conservation role of trophy hunting, should focus on the critical governance characteristics that shape the potential conservation role of trophy hunting, such as corruption, insecure property rights, and inadequate sharing of benefits with local people. Aplicación del Modelo Antropogénico del Efecto Allee sobre la Caza de Trofeos como una Herramienta de Conservación