全文获取类型
收费全文 | 457篇 |
免费 | 22篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 22篇 |
废物处理 | 1篇 |
环保管理 | 222篇 |
综合类 | 81篇 |
基础理论 | 58篇 |
污染及防治 | 6篇 |
评价与监测 | 21篇 |
社会与环境 | 56篇 |
灾害及防治 | 17篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 20篇 |
2012年 | 19篇 |
2011年 | 15篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 18篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 22篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有484条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
SUMMARY In many developing countries, the determination of a ranking of investments designed to improve and extend the road system is a commonplace prerequisite of planning for the transport sector as a whole and the road sub-sector within it. A major objective of determining investment priorities is to secure the greatest efficiency in the use of resources allocated to the sector and, for this reason, any system of assigning priorities must rely upon conventional investment appraisal techniques producing quantifiable measures of worth. Exercises of this kind, in which road investments are identified and ranked, are usually undertaken to produce a road sector investment plan. The implementation of such plans is, however, often compromised because of perceived deficiencies with a methodology which places undue reliance on investment appraisal and fails to properly address the issue of public interest and sustainability. This paper attempts to produce a pragmatic set of ground rules which, while mindful of the need to promote economic efficiency, allow for other factors to be embraced in a more holistic methodology. 相似文献
122.
Richard A. Slaughter 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(2):331-342
Abstract: Water marketing is often cited as a means of alleviating the stresses attached to allocation of water use. Frequently, marketing is suggested in a context that implies substitution of competitive markets for the allocation based on the prior appropriation doctrine. This study examines water marketing from the perspective of a transactions cost approach to the private and broad social agreements (contracts) that support water allocation. It examines the major behavioral challenges faced by any contract, and the alternative approaches to those challenges, with respect to water allocation. It also examines the impact of market design on the existence of externalities, costs imposed by transactions on society and individuals not party to the transaction. It finds that the most robust water market designs will be found in systems with sufficient property rights protection to support investment, sufficient hydrologic information to provide accurate analysis of third party effects, conjunctive management of surface and groundwater, and a governance structure capable of administering the rules while not determining outcomes. 相似文献
123.
JEFFREY A. McNEELY PROMILA KAPOOR-VIJAY† LU ZHI‡ LINDA OLSVIG-WHITTAKER§ KASHIF M. SHEIKH ANDREW T. SMITH†† 《Conservation biology》2009,23(4):805-810
Abstract: With about half the world's human population and booming economies, Asia faces numerous challenges to its biodiversity. The Asia Section of the Society for Conservation Biology has identified some key policy issues in which significant progress can be made. These include developing new sources of funding for forest conservation; identifying potential impacts of energy alternatives on the conservation of biodiversity; curbing the trade in endangered species of plants and animals; a special focus on the conservation of mountain biodiversity; enhancing relevant research; ensuring that conservation biology contributes to major international conventions and funding mechanisms; using conservation biology to build a better understanding of zoonotic diseases; more effectively addressing human–animal conflicts; enhancing community-based conservation; and using conservation biology to help address the pervasive water-deficit problems in much of Asia. These challenges can be met through improved regional cooperation among the relevant stakeholders . 相似文献
124.
王顺克 《长江流域资源与环境》2002,(3)
由于自然尤其是人为因素的影响 ,三峡库区生态环境遭受严重破坏 ,农民增收缺少支撑 ,加上三峡工程的修建 ,淹没了大批肥田沃土 ,更加激化了人地矛盾 ,导致该地区生态环境恶化、生态承载容量减少、经济贫困化恶性循环 ,最终致使生态环境保护和经济发展严重对立。要从根本上解决库区生态环境与经济的协调发展问题 ,关键在于发展生态经济。从三峡库区以山地、丘陵为主的地形特征及其分布特点和气候、土壤条件以及资源特色出发 ,根据生态学、生态经济学的基本原理要求 ,提出了建立由水域生态经济产业带、沿江经济支撑产业带、腹地生态农业带、高山垂直绿色产业带构成的生态经济复合产业带的构想 ,其中每个产业带又由若干关联性强的产业有机复合而成。还提出了发展三峡库区生态经济的具体政策建议和措施。 相似文献
125.
The recently-adopted global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will have significant implications for national development planning in both developed and developing countries in the post-2015 period to 2030. Integrated, nationally-owned SDG strategies will be at the centre of national efforts to implement the new sustainable development agenda. The long-run processes and systems perspective that are inherent in the SDGs present complex analytical problems for policymakers and analysts. Scenario analysis and quantitative modelling will be important analytical tools to support national sustainable development planning, and there is an increasingly sophisticated suite of models available to decision makers. This paper reviews and assesses a broad range of different quantitative models that have the potential to support national development planning for the SDGs. The study develops a typology and inventory of 80 different models, and then reviews the comparative strengths, weaknesses and general utility of different models through an initial screening and subsequent multi-criteria analysis of short-listed models. Current gaps in model capabilities are highlighted in the context of providing analytical support for national development planning for the SDGs. While some existing models are particularly relevant, it is unlikely that an ideal model can analyse all SDG targets and variables of interest within a single modelling framework. Top-down ‘macro framework’ models are likely to be more useful for undertaking system-level or economy-wide scenario analysis driven by the national long-term goals and targets, and for exploring trade-offs and synergies among sectors. Bottom-up sectoral models will be able to support far more detailed option-level impact analysis of concrete interventions, technologies and investments. Combining both approaches within an analytical framework will provide a robust approach for analysis and decision-making. The results highlight a range of potential gaps in current modelling capabilities, and provide some new tools to assist with model selection. 相似文献
126.
Young-Doo Wang Jae-Shuck Song John Byrne Sun-Jin Yun 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(5):1269-1276
This study systematically evaluates residential consumer responses to a utility conservation initiative based on an econometric analysis of a sample of 510 households served by Artesian Water Company, Inc. (New Castle County of Delaware). Using a panel study approach covering the period from 1992 to 1997, this study shows that Artesian's water conservation program has had statistically significant and persistent impacts on residential water consumption. 相似文献
127.
Strategies to overcome barriers to the development of sustainable agriculture in Canada: The role of agribusiness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R. J. Macrae J. Henning S. B. Hill 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1993,6(1):21-51
Strategies to involve agribusiness in the development of sustainable agricultural systems have been limited by the lack of a comprehensive conceptual framework for identifying the most critical supportive policies, programs and regulations. In this paper, we propose an efficiency/substitution/redesign framework to categorize strategies for modifying agribusiness practices. This framework is then used to identify a diverse range of short, medium, and long-term strategies to be pursued by governments, community groups, academics and agribusiness to support the transition. Strategies discussed include corporate greening, ethical investment, changing the legal status of the corporaton, new business forms and the development of ecological economics. 相似文献
128.
Raymond J. Supalla Dorothy A. Comer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1982,18(4):679-686
ABSTRACT: Artificial recharge as a means of augmenting water sup plies for irrigation is a management alternative which policy makers in ground water decline areas are beginning to consider seriously. A conceptual model is developed to evaluate the economic benefits from ground water recharge under conditions where the major water use is irrigation. The methodology presented separates recharge benefits into two components: pumping cost savings and aquifer extension benefits. This model is then applied to a Nebraska case to approximate the value of recharge benefits as a function of aquifer response. discount rate, and commodity prices. It was found that recharge benefits vary from less than $2 to over $6 an acre foot recharged. 相似文献
129.
M. Bundgaard-Nielsen C. L. Hwang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1976,12(3):461-480
ABSTRACT The literature on decision models in economics of regional water quality management is reviewed and classified. 相似文献
130.
Laszlo David Lucien Duckstein 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1976,12(4):731-754
ABSTRACT The definition and comparison of alternative water resource systems designed to meet long-range goals (say 60 years) is illustrated by a case study in Hungary. A comprehensive cost-effectiveness approach is adapted to define goals, specifications, criteria, alternatives and their capabilities. Specifications include demands given in probabilistic terms. The comparison of alternative systems is based on 12 criteria, one of which is the balance between total energy consumed and peak energy produced. Important factors involving social elements, such as flood protection and land and forest use, are described both as monetary quantities and as qualitative appreciations. Five alternative systems are defied involving flat land reservoirs, pumped storage reservoirs, interbasin transfer, and conjunctive use of surface and ground water. International cooperation is then used to rank systems and reduce the problem to a tradeoff between only two alternatives. 相似文献