Food influence on colonial recognition and chemical signature between nestmates in the fungus-growing ant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus</Emphasis>

Summary. Neotropical Fungus-growing leaf-cutting ants (tribe Attini) live in obligatory symbiosis with a fungus, which they grow on fresh leaves harvested by workers. Colonial recognition is likely based on chemical cues provided by cuticular hydrocarbons that have been found to be partly influenced by environmental odor sources. The diet breadth of Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus enabled us to test the impact of different plant diets on colonial recognition. The intermediary of the fungus in the ants feeding habit adds a special angle to the question. From a queenright (QR) mother colony of A. s. subterraneus we formed several groups of queenless (QL) workers with fungus (approx. 700 ants). The QR colony and two of the QL-groups were fed with the same diet of fresh bramble leaves. Two other QL-groups were fed with privet leaves and two with rose flowers. After 4 months, QR workers were significantly more aggressive towards the QL-group fed with rose flowers or privet leaves than towards workers of the QL-groups fed with fresh bramble leaves. Rose-fed QL workers were aggressive towards privet-fed QL workers and vice versa, but never towards workers of their counterpart group that fed on the same diet. These results suggest that the absence of the queen or the separation time between groups played a minor role in shaping nestmate recognition cues as compared to the diet. The behavioral studies were supplemented by chemical analyses of cuticles, postpharyngeal glands (PPG) and plant-food extracts revealing profiles variations that were correlated with the dietary changes. However, although the plant extract contained several hydrocarbons there was no congruency between the plant profile and the respective diet-group ants. These results support the hypothesis that the diet influences indirectly the chemical profiles and consequently the recognition cues in A. s. subterraneus.     

Species-specificity in trail pheromones and Dufour's gland contents ofCamponotus atriceps andC. floridanus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Summary By means of gas chromatography, gas chromatographic coupled mass spectrometry, trail-following experiments and electrophysiological recordings from worker antennae, the major trail pheromone components from the hindgut of the formicine speciesCamponotus atriceps andC. floridanus were identified as 3,5-dimethyl-6-(1-methylpropyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one and nerolic acid, respectively. The Dufour's gland contents of both species, investigated by gas chromatographic coupled mass spectrometry, show significant differences.Pheromones 104: Janssen E, Übler E, Bauriegel L, Kern F, Bestmann H-J, Attygalle AB, Steghaus-Kovacs S, Maschwitz U: Trail pheromone of the Ponerinae antLeptogenys peuqueti (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a multicomponent mixture of related compounds     

我国食用海藻资源

本文对我国大陆沿海底栖食用海藻进行了系统的研究和整理，报导了食用海藻68种，并对其主要食用海藻的营养成分进行了分析。     

凉山野生菌类资源的开发与利用

在调查统计的基础上,论述了凉山野生食用菌资源的分布状况,及其在改善膳食结构和发展当地经济的重要作用.为了有效保护和持续利用凉山野生菌类资源,分析了当前该地区野生菌类资源的开发利用状况,并结合当地实际,提出了相应的合理化建议.     

浙西南食用菌的可持续利用与生态环境研究

近十年来,食用菌在浙西南山区发展迅猛,大大促进了当地农村经济的发展,为农民脱贫致富发挥了重要作用,但也存在着一些问题。针对食用菌生产对生态环境的影响,作者提出了浙西南山区持续发展食用菌的若干建设和对策。     

云南疣柄牛肝菌属真菌中汞含量及食用健康风险分析

汞(Hg)对人类健康有明显的毒害作用,多数野生食用菌对Hg有很强的富集能力,测定野生食用菌中总Hg含量,并对其进行食用安全评估有重要意义。采用冷原子吸收光谱法测定云南常见疣柄牛肝菌属真菌菌盖、菌柄中总汞(Hg)含量,分析样品对Hg的富集特征;以FAO/WHO现行每周Hg允许摄入量(provisional tolerable weekly intake,PTWI)标准,评估疣柄牛肝菌属真菌的食用安全性。结果显示,不同产地、种类及不同采集时间疣柄牛肝菌属真菌的总Hg含量差异明显,菌盖中总Hg含量在0.54~4.80 mg·kg-1dw之间,菌柄总Hg含量在0.32~2.80 mg·kg~(-1)dw之间,同一种牛肝菌菌盖总Hg含量均大于菌柄(Q(C/S)1),表明疣柄牛肝菌属真菌对Hg的积累量与生长环境、种类、部位等有关。根据FAO/WHO暂行的每周Hg允许摄入量标准(0.004 mg·kg-1bw),成年人(60 kg)每周食用300 g(鲜重)采自云南的疣柄牛肝菌属真菌,Hg摄入量远低于PTWI标准,对人体Hg暴露风险较低。     

野生食用菌资源可持续利用管理模式探讨——以云南省宜良县小哨生态村为例

野生食用菌资源是云南省山区农村重要的非木材林产品资源,加强对当地野生食用菌资源的管理、实现可持续利用已成为一个重要课题。对云南省小哨生态村承包山林拾菌这种可持续资源利用管理模式进行了深入分析和探讨,目的在于通过典型案例的研究,为云南省丰富的野生食用菌资源的管理和可持续利用提供思路。     

4种食用菌对蔗渣利用状况的灰色关联法分析

本文将再生资源循环利用优化方案的系统分析作为一个灰色系统的决策分析过程,把灰色系统理论的关联方法应用到蔗渣再利用的优化决策分析之中,取得了满意效果。通过对4种食用菌利用蔗渣营养成份的分析,得出了用3号培养基接种培养佛罗里达侧耳,既能最大限度地利用蔗渣中的营养,又能培养出精制的菌丝体饲料,为资源的再利用提供了一个优化决策的实例。     

混凝-厌氧-好氧-气浮处理含油污水

食用植物油生产过程中排放的污水,是一种较难处理的高浓度污水。结合污水处理工程设计及工程运营情况,对该工程进行了介绍,并提出了进一步完善的建议。该工程进水（高浓度污水）主要污染物浓度为CODCr：20000～25000mg/L,BOD5：10000～15000mg/L,SS：1000～2000mg/L,经过混凝-厌氧-好氧-气浮等工序处理后,出水达到了《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-96）中的1级排放标准（1998年1月1日后）。     

陕西省食用菌中重金属含量及分布规律研究

为了解陕西省食用菌中重金属的污染状况并评价其污染程度,根据2013年陕西省污染物监测计划对235份食用菌中的重金属进行测定,对检测结果进行统计分析,评价其污染程度,评估陕西居民经食用菌类所致的重金属暴露量。食用菌中镉、汞、铅和砷的平均含量分别为0.0633、0.0189、0.0571和0.0692 mg·kg~(-1)。以平均含量进行评价,单因子污染指数较高的分别是鲜蘑菇中汞0.23、干蘑菇中镉0.36和砷0.35,此三者均属于轻度污染水平,其余均为正常背景水平;以高值P90(表示90%的样品含量低于该值)进行评价,干蘑菇中镉的单因子污染指数为1.12,表明部分干蘑菇存在镉污染,且其综合污染指数亦0.7,为警戒线水平;结合联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织下的食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)推荐的各重金属耐受量,计算得出食用菌中重金属的安全消费量,此值较高,食用安全性良好。整体而言,陕西省食用菌中的重金属污染情况较轻,居民通过食用菌类所致重金属的暴露量在安全范围内,少数食用菌样品重金属含量较高,主要可能与其种植环境有关。