车载巡测在区域射频电磁环境质量监测与表征中的应用分析

对北京中央电视塔周围25 km²区域电磁环境质量分别进行了射频的网格法手工监测和车载巡测自动监测，通过SPSS软件等对两种监测方法获取的数据进行了统计对比分析，发现两组数据在总体水平及数值分布特征上较为接近，因此车载巡测监测可以替代网格法监测。以车载巡测数据为基础，绘制了实测数据的道路电磁地图，利用插值法绘制了区域电磁地图，对区域电磁环境质量进行了直观表征。从回应公众关注和城市电磁规划出发，建议今后可利用车载巡测监测加强时域和频域的监测。     

宁夏总量减排与环境质量改善的相关性分析

利用SPSS统计软件分析宁夏“十一五”期间主要污染物总量控制指标与环境质量数据的关联程度,并建立回归模型.结果表明:宁夏总量减排与环境质量改善存在高度关联,拟合曲线均为一元线性回归曲线.随着SO2排放总量降低,重点城市空气质量稳步改善,两者呈现同向变化的趋势;随着COD排放总量降低,黄河宁夏段水环境质量稳步改善,两者亦呈现同向变化的趋势.宁夏总量减排在环境质量改善上成效已显现,污染防治政策较为成功,环保成绩显著.     

生物炭和秸秆还田对微咸水滴灌棉田土壤真菌群落结构多样性的影响

微咸水灌溉增加土壤盐分,改变土壤环境,进而影响土壤真菌的结构和多样性.在长期微咸水灌溉的基础上,分别添加生物炭和秸秆（采用等碳量设计,分别为3.7 t·hm^-2和6 t·hm^-2）,探究生物炭和秸秆对土壤理化性质和真菌群落结构多样性的影响.结果表明：与不施生物炭和秸秆（对照）相比,生物炭施用显著增加土壤的pH、全碳、速效钾和速效磷含量,但显著降低土壤电导率,降低幅度为20.71%;秸秆处理显著增加土壤的速效钾和速效磷含量,但显著降低土壤容重和电导率,降低幅度为4.17%和64.50%.生物炭和秸秆处理对真菌群落Chao1指数和ACE指数有增加趋势,对Shannon指数和Simpson指数有降低趋势.土壤优势真菌门类为子囊菌门、被孢霉门、担子菌门、壶菌门和球囊菌门;优势真菌属为毛壳菌属、赤霉菌属、镰刀菌属、Idriella和被孢霉属.施加生物炭和秸秆提高子囊菌门、被孢霉门、担子菌门、球囊菌门和毛壳菌属的相对丰度;但降低壶菌门、赤霉菌属和Idriella的相对丰度.LEfSe分析表明,施用生物炭和秸秆还田降低真菌群落潜在生物标志物数量.RDA结果显示,土壤真菌群落结构与EC_1：5和TN显著相关.微咸水灌溉给土壤带来了不利影响,其中EC_1：5和TN是驱动土壤真菌群落结构变化的主要因子,土壤真菌群落通过生物炭和秸秆对土壤的改良作用来适应盐胁迫环境.     

陆地边界资源开发管理的经验与重点——以新疆北部陆地资源开发为例

新疆在长期边界资源开发的实践中形成了一套具有地方特色的陆地边界资源开发机制,成功地实现了对边界资源开发的有序管控。这些成功经验主要包括:对国家政策与地方政策进行相互配套,通过制度化建设将边界地区的资源开发服务于地方经济发展。在新形势下,边界资源开发出现了一些的新的动向与重点,其中包括在资源开发中注重环境保护问题,以及注重资源开发与边界地区经济发展相适应。总结以往经验,解决这些问题的关键是借助国家的一带一路建设,在实现边界地区安全稳定的基础上,以资源开发的可持续发展作为发展目标,通过经济发展促进边界地区的和谐、安全与稳定。     

季节性Kendall检验分析湘江长沙段水质变化趋势

季节性Kendall检验是一种广泛应用于河流水质变化趋势分析的非参数检验。以湘江长沙段三汊矶断面2001—2011年水质监测结果为样本,运用季节性Kendall检验分析湘江长沙段水质变化趋势及影响因素,结果表明:氨氮浓度呈显著上升趋势,总磷浓度呈高度显著上升趋势,总镉、总砷浓度呈高度显著下降趋势,湘江长沙段水质主要受城市生活、工业和农业面源污染物排放的影响,河水流量对水质的影响相对较小。     

分类收集蔬菜垃圾与植物废弃物混合堆肥工艺实例研究

以分类收集的生活垃圾(主要为蔬菜垃圾)和破碎树枝为原料,采用条垛式堆肥工艺,在中试规模条件下考察了原料初始含水率、通风频率、翻堆频率、接种比例4种因素对混合堆肥效果的影响.同时,在试验的9种工况下,对温度、氧浓度、有机碳降解率、有机碳氮比(C/N)、腐殖质含量等指标进行测定.结果表明,堆肥42d时各堆体均已达到稳定化要求.经过比较肥分保持、腐殖化程度和能量投入等指标,获得的最优堆肥控制条件为:初始含水率65%,通风频率15min/60min(开/关),翻堆频率为每3d1次,产物接种比例5%.最优控制方案下的主发酵通风率仅为0.03L.min-1.kg-1(以VS计),可实现堆肥过程的低能耗,适合于我国村镇区域的应用条件.     

Dynamic risk assessment for underground gas storage facilities based on Bayesian network

Loss of the underground gas storage process can have significant effects, and risk analysis is critical for maintaining the integrity of the underground gas storage process and reducing potential accidents. This paper focuses on the dynamic risk assessment method for the underground gas storage process. First, the underground gas storage process data is combined to create a database, and the fault tree of the underground gas storage facility is built by identifying the risk factors of the underground gas storage facility and mapping them into a Bayesian network. To eliminate the subjectivity in the process of determining the failure probability level of basic events, fuzzy numbers are introduced to determine the prior probability of the Bayesian network. Then, causal and diagnostic reasoning is performed on the Bayesian network to determine the failure level of the underground gas storage facilities. Based on the rate of change of prior and posterior probabilities, sensitivity and impact analysis are combined to determine the significant risk factors and possible failure paths. In addition, the time factor is introduced to build a dynamic Bayesian network to perform dynamic assessment and analysis of underground gas storage facilities. Finally, the dynamic risk assessment method is applied to underground gas storage facilities in depleted oil and gas reservoirs. A dynamic risk evaluation model for underground gas storage facilities is built to simulate and validate the dynamic risk evaluation method based on the Bayesian network. The results show that the proposed method has practical value for improving underground gas storage process safety.     

CFD-based assessment and visualization of the failure consequences of LPG tankers

This paper presents a simulation analysis of the explosions following an LPG leak and visualizes the consequences of the accident to reduce the consequences of the LPG leak explosion. Firstly, this paper proposes a CFD numerical simulation-based method for visualizing the consequences of LPG tanker failure. The method combines satellite maps and CFD numerical simulation data to visualize the consequences of LPG leaks and explosions, taking into account the influence of obstacles on the danger range of leaks and explosions; Secondly, this paper applies the method to a liquefied petroleum gas accident that occurred in the Wenling section of the Shenhai Expressway and performs CFD numerical simulation on the accident process and visualizes the consequences of the accident. Therefore, this method can provide a theoretical reference for the prior prevention of LPG accidents and the analysis of the consequences of accidents, as well as certain practical guidance instructive.     

Scenario derivation and consequence evaluation of dust explosion accident based on dynamic Bayesian network

In order to clarify the correlation between the evolution path of dust explosion accidents and emergency decision-making, and to accurately predict the disaster damage levels of various disaster bearing bodies. This paper extracts 56 key scenario elements from four aspects, namely state, answer, goal and environment, based on the analysis of typical dust explosion accident cases. At the same time, a general scenario evolution path of dust explosion accident is constructed. Using fuzzy number set theory and dynamic Bayes joint probability model, the accurate solution of scenario state probability was realized. With the help of accident cases and dynamic Bayes approach, the dust explosion consequence prediction index system and evaluation criteria were constructed, covering factors such as dust explosion intensity, casualties, direct economic losses, equipment damage, building damage, environmental damage and other factors. A polyethylene wax dust explosion accident in a city of China was used to verify the dust explosion accident scenario evolution model and consequences prediction model. The predicted results were in good agreement with the actual damage of various carriers of the accident, which indicated that the model could be used for dust explosion accident prediction and disaster loss prediction. The research results provided reference and technical support for the prediction of dust explosion accident evolution direction, emergency aid measures decision and deployment, disaster damage prediction and evaluation.     

标准BOD5测定法的"空气净化--稀释水曝气"装置研究

"稀释与接种法"是BOD5的标准测定方法,制备溶解氧接近饱和且不含能干扰生化耗氧过程的物质的稀释水,是该法重要的工作之一.由真空泵带动的"空气净化--稀释水曝气"装置,流程合理、装配容易、调控灵活,可连贯进行空气净化与稀释水曝气,而制取符合质量要求的稀释水.