缸内直喷汽油发动机电子装备振动环境试验的标准化和要点

对缸内直喷汽油发动机上装用的电子装备振动环境试验标准化过程和要点作了介绍.也列举了一些验证中可能产生影响的因素.供产品标准制修订和实验室在设计试验时参考.     

电气火灾的分析和预防

电气火灾主要是由于电气故障等原因引起的,文章对电气火灾的过程、产生原因和特点进行了分析,指出了电气火灾的危害,提出了预防电气火灾的措施：重视预防工作,建立健全组织和制度,进行电气防火知识的普及和培训,正确进行电气设施的选择,加大对电气产品及工程质量的监督管理力度,进行通电设备场所的清理,加强低压线路的防火工作,加强雷击火灾的预防,进行高次谐波引起的火灾防范,做好10kV电网小电阻接地系统的电气火灾防范,建立电气火灾的自动监控报警系统,建立电气火灾的自动监控和报警的网络。对指导电气火灾的预防工作、扼制电气火灾的发生具有十分积极的作用。     

紫花苜蓿改良盐渍土对土壤微生物活性和养分含量的影响

为探讨干旱地区种植紫花苜蓿改良盐渍土对土壤微生物生物量及其活性和土壤养分的影响,选择河西走廊黑河流域国有临泽农场的草甸盐土荒地作为对照,研究了种植紫花苜蓿2、3、4年后的改土效果。结果表明：与CK相比,连续种植4年后,所测定的土壤化学性质和微生物化学性质指标都发生了极显著（P〈0.01）的有利变化,电导率下降5.96 mS.cm-1,pH下降0.25,有机碳增加1.50 g.kg-1,微生物生物量碳增加48.93 mg.kg-1,微生物熵上升0.43%,荧光素二乙酸酯水解率提高10.87μg.g-1.h-1,碱解氮增加17.37 mg.kg-1,速效磷增加2.87 mg.kg-1,速效钾增加44.93 mg.kg-1。相关分析表明,微生物生物量碳、微生物熵、荧光素二乙酸酯水解率、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾与土壤有机碳之间极显著（P〈0.01）正相关,相关系数分别为0.86、0.80、0.87、0.85、0.79、0.80,而与电导率之间极显著（P〈0.01）负相关,相关系数分别为-0.83、-0.79、-0.84、-0.86、-0.88、-0.78。研究认为,种植紫花苜蓿对草甸盐土有显著的改良效果,电导率下降,有机碳含量提高,微生物活性增强,速效养分含量增加。     

极端温度条件典型引信电参数变化规律和失效机理

目的 研究某电子时间引信在?60~140 ℃下电参数的变化规律和失效机理。方法 利用高低温试验机开展步进应力强化试验,增加和细化引信检测参数,在被试引信工作状态下全程记录电参数的变化,开展失效机理分析。结果 得到了引信基准频率、电能损耗率等电参数的温度特性规律和参数变化范围,发现了?60 ℃低温掉电、130 ℃高温短路等故障模式和机理,并提出改进建议。结论 验证了极端温度应力叠加电应力的强化试验方法,获得了引信电性能参数变化规律,发现了极端温度条件下新的失效模式和失效机理。     

生活垃圾填埋场作业面恶臭散发率研究

采用风洞采样方式以挥发性有机物、H2S和恶臭浓度为指标研究了生活垃圾填埋堆体类恶臭面源的污染散发率.结果表明,生活垃圾填埋堆体表面的恶臭散发率与季节和表面吹扫风速等密切相关.高温季节挥发性有机物和恶臭浓度计的污染散发率可较低温季节高出6倍以上,在0.6~4 m·s-1的测试吹扫风速范围内,恶臭污染物的释放率随风速增加而近似呈线性增加的趋势.夏季生活垃圾表面的挥发性有机物(PID测定以异丁烯计)的散发率为385~680μg·(m2·s)-1,H2S散发率为4~7μg·(m2·s)-1,恶臭浓度散发率为46.5~136 OU·(m2·s)-1.持续通风实验结果表明,采用洁净空气吹扫得到的散发率是面源的最大可能散发率,在进行采样时间10 min以上的恶臭浓度或作业面散发量估算时,需对散发率进行适当修正.     

电驱动道路车辆 动力双层电容电气特性试验条件和要求

本文结合国标转化过程和实验室能力验证经历,介绍了电驱动道路车辆动力双层电容电气特性试验条件和要求。供实验室和相关产品的供需双方参考。     

燃煤电厂PM2.5及汞控制技术探讨

火电厂烟气中PM2.5控制技术,目前可分为电除尘和袋式除尘两大类。其中电除尘又分常规电除尘、移动电极电除尘、前置聚并器电除尘、湿式电除尘、低温电除尘等;袋式除尘又分为纯袋式除尘、电-袋复合式除尘、先进的混合式电-袋除尘等。文章对这些技术从捕集机理到应用效果进行了分析探讨,推荐了火电厂应用最合适的控制技术。     

电袋复合除尘器在燃煤锅炉大型机组上的应用

近年来,电袋复合除尘技术在燃煤锅炉烟气除尘行业的应用取得了快速发展,并实现了600MW、1000MW大型机组的突破。电袋复合除尘器已成为继电除尘器、袋式除尘器之后的新一代高效除尘设备。应用实践表明,电袋复合除尘器对煤种变化的适应性强,可长期保持低排放,并具有运行阻力低、占地面积小等优点。介绍了世界上首台1000MW机组电袋复合除尘器的开发和应用情况。     

Ecological and economical assessment of end‐of‐life waste recycling in the electrical and electronic recovery sector

Technological innovation and shorter product life cycles of electrical and electronic equipment coupled with their rapidly growing applications have resulted in the generation of an enormous amount of waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). To address the potential environmental problems that could stem from improper end‐of‐life management of WEEE, many countries have drafted national legislation to improve the reuse, remanufacture and material recycling from WEEE, and to reduce the amount of such waste going to landfills. With the introduction of such legislation comes an increased need for the recovery operators to evaluate the recycling costs and environmental benefits of reclaimed products and materials in order to select the most appropriate end‐of‐life options for individual products in WEEE. This paper presents a systematic methodology for ecological and economical assessment to provide a holistic understanding of the impacts associated with different end‐of‐life options for such waste. This assessment, in addition to providing decision‐support for the selection of the best possible end‐of‐life option for a particular product in WEEE, could also generate vital information to support the design and material selection processes during the initial product development activities. The assertion made is that the detailed considerations of the ecological and economical impacts associated with different end‐of‐life options will significantly improve the recovery and recycling of WEEE.     

Sustainability in electrical and electronic equipment closed-loop supply chains: A System Dynamics approach

In this paper we examine the impact of ecological motivation and technological innovations on the long-term behavior of a closed-loop supply chain with recycling activities. Ecological motivation manifests through legislation and green image factor, whereas technological innovations manifest through design for environment. We adopt System Dynamics methodology applied to many environmental systems seeking long-term gains. The developed model is implemented to a real-world supply chain of electrical equipment in Greece. Numerical analysis illustrates the factors concerned, like the delay of the legislation enforcement, to achieve a sustainable future through non-renewable resources and landfill preservation.