INCREASING WATER SUPPLY BY MIXING OF FRESH AND SALINE GROUND WATERS1

ABSTRACT: The quality of ground water in any aquifer takes its final form due to natural mixture of waters, which may originate from different sources. Water quality varies from one aquifer to another and even within the same aquifer itself. Different ground water quality is obtained from wells and is mixed in a common reservoir prior to any consumption. This artificial mixing enables an increase in available ground water of a desired quality for agricultural or residential purposes. The question remains as to what proportions of water from different wells should be mixed together to achieve a desired water quality for this artificial mixture. Two sets of laboratory experiments were carried out, namely, the addition of saline water to a fixed volume of fresh water. After each addition, the mixture volume and the electric conductivity value of the artificially mixed water were recorded. The experiments were carried out under the same laboratory temperature of 20°C. A standard curve was developed first experimentally and then confirmed theoretically. This curve is useful in determining either the volume or discharge ratio from two wells to achieve a predetermined electrical conductivity value of the artificial mixture. The application of the curve is given for two wells within the Quaternary deposits in the western part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.     

电催化降解废水中阴离子表面活性剂的研究

本文以十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠为研究对象,在最佳的物理化学条件下,利用紫外光谱、红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱联用等仪器分析和化学分析的方法研究了电催化降解新技术去除废水中阴离子表面活性剂的机理.实验结果表明.在羟基自由基(@OH)的氧化分解作用下,十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基碘酸钠先降解为丁烷,最终均矿化为CO2、H2O和SO42-.     

Fish forewarning of comprehensive toxicity in water environment based on Bayesian sequential method

Environmental impact of pollutants can be analyzed effectively by acquiring fish behavioral signals in water with biological behavior sensors. However, a variety of factors, such as the complexity of biological organisms themselves, the device error and the environmental noise, may compromise the accuracy and timeliness of model predictions. The current methods lack prior knowledge about the fish behavioral signals corresponding to characteristic pollutants, and in the event of a pollutant invasion, the fish behavioral signals are poorly discriminated. Therefore, we propose a novel method based on Bayesian sequential, which utilizes multi-channel prior knowledge to calculate the outlier sequence based on wavelet feature followed by calculating the anomaly probability of observed values. Furthermore, the relationship between the anomaly probability and toxicity is analyzed in order to achieve forewarning effectively. At last, our algorithm for fish toxicity detection is verified by integrating the data on laboratory acceptance of characteristic pollutants. The results show that only one false positive occurred in the six experiments, the present algorithm is effective in suppressing false positives and negatives, which increases the reliability of toxicity detections, and thereby has certain applicability and universality in engineering applications.     

Application of an aerosol electrical mobility spectrum analyzer: Charged-particle polarity ratio measurement in the Antarctic and Arctic regions

An aerosol electrical mobility spectrum analyzer (AEMSA), developed at Hanyang University, was employed to investigate the particle charge characteristics in the Antarctic and Arctic regions. The particle charge characteristics in these areas were compared with the charging state in Ansan, South Korea, located in the midlatitude, where artificial factors, such as human activity, urbanization, and traffic, might result in a higher total concentration. Furthermore, in Ansan, South Korea, the charged-particle polarity ratio was very stable and was close to 1. However, notably different particle charge characteristics were obtained in the Antarctic and Arctic regions. The imbalance between the numbers of positively and negatively charged particles was evident, resulting in more positive charges on the atmospheric particles. On average, the positively charged particle concentrations in the Antarctic and Arctic areas were 1.4 and 2.8 times higher, respectively, compared with the negatively charged particles. The developed AEMSA system and the findings of this study provide useful information on the characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in the Antarctic and Arctic regions and can be further utilized to study particle formation mechanisms.     

电袋复合除尘器大型化的关键技术探讨

通过对电袋复合除尘器大型化几个关键问题的分析,寻找应对的技术措施,并通过试验研究和工程实践的完善,使这些技术在大型化方面取得重大突破,并成功应用于大型燃煤电站的烟气治理。     

2种改性活性炭对甲苯吸附性能的对比研究

利用微波、电炉加热对活性炭进行改性,并测定了改性前后不同种类活性炭对甲苯的吸附性能、表面酸碱官能团含量以及比表面积.结果表明,对于微波改性,随着改性温度升高,活性炭对甲苯的吸附量逐渐增大,表面碱性官能团含量也相应增加,比表面积相应减小.改性温度850℃时活性炭吸附甲苯性能最高,650℃与450℃改性后活性炭吸附甲苯的性能相差不大.电加热改性也具有类似的趋势,但对甲苯的吸附性能总体低于微波改性.扫描电镜表征显示,热改性去除了活性炭孔道内的杂质,使活性炭内部孔道更加通畅,有利于提高吸附甲苯的能力,但温度升高同样存在炭骨架收缩,孔道变窄的弊端.微波加热和电炉加热在原理和热传递方向上的不同.是导致改性结果之间差别的关键问题.     

同江市废旧电子产品回收处理现状调查

随着科学技术的迅速发展,电子产品给人们的工作和学习带来了方便,同时废旧电子产品的回收与利用已经成为我国经济发展的一大难题,通过对同江废旧电子产品现状的调查,提出了废旧电子产品回收处理建议。     

海洋环境下飞机典型接地柱防腐蚀设计研究

目的研究海洋环境对典型接地柱防腐蚀安装设计的影响。方法以×型飞机某半封闭关键部位安装的接地柱为研究对象,设计三种防腐蚀安装方法,并在实验室环境谱下开展加速腐蚀试验,借助宏观、微观检测及接触电阻测试,对不同类型的试验件开展检测与测试。结果两周期实验室加速试验结束后,采用直接安装模式的接地柱因底座腐蚀而无法检测接触电阻;采用填角安装模式的接地柱外观腐蚀严重,但其内部仍为电接触;采用封包安装模式的接地柱其内部被密封剂保护完好。结论三种接地柱防腐蚀安装设计方法各有利弊,可根据结构的局部环境特点视情选择。     

卫生垃圾填埋场边界的地电特性研究

研究卫生垃圾填埋场边界的地电特性,界定卫生垃圾填埋场边界有助于场地环境的维护和管理,采用电阻率二维层析成像技术中的3种装置排列(测深、温纳、偶极-偶极)对小型卫生垃圾填埋场模型进行对比测量,通过电阴率二维层析成像技术对填埋场边界的地电特性进行分析研究.研究结果表明,在测深和温纳两种装置排列,不能进行精确定位;而偶极-偶...