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301.
在介绍国内的电子垃圾产生及污染情况的基础上,对国内外电子垃圾管理法规及处置技术现状进行了综述.根据国内电子垃圾的特点,特别针对哈尔滨市电子垃圾管理提出了建议. 相似文献
302.
用GC-NCI-MS测定了浙江台州路桥表层农业土壤中41种多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)的含量, 并对其分布及来源进行了分析.结果表明:所有样品中Σ41PBDEs的含量为0.193~91.0ng/g,平均值为8.96ng/g,其中BDE209的含量为0.0452 ~ 61.5ng/g,平均值为5.41ng/g.在多数样品中十溴BDE及九溴BDEs是主要的同族体,四溴和七溴BDEs同族体次之.同族体组成特征和聚类分析表明,多数采样点主要受到deca-BDE工业品的污染,另有一些采样点受到octa-BDE和deca-BDE工业品的污染,个别采样点主要受到penta-BDE工业品污染.与国内外相关研究相比,研究区域内土壤中PBDEs的污染水平较低,但少数采样点受点源污染影响较大. 相似文献
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如何对废旧家电及电子产品进行高效收集并合理、安全处置,已成为世界各国普遍关注的问题。分析发达国家在该领域实施的措施,结合我国现状及存在的主要问题,提出建立规范的废旧家电及电子产品回收处理体系相关对策。 相似文献
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典型电子废物集中处置场地及其周边土壤中多溴联苯的污染特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用快速溶剂萃取-凝胶净化-气相色谱质谱法(GC-MS)测定了浙江省台州市某典型电子废物集中处置场地及周边土壤中多溴联苯(polybrominatebiphenyls,PBBs)浓度,研究了10种PBBs(PBB-3、PBB-15、PBB-18、PBB-52、PBB-101、PBB-153、PBB-180、PBB-194、PBB~206和PBB-209)的浓度水平、组成特征和垂直分布规律。结果表明,处置场地及周边临近区域的PBBs污染程度相近,10种PBBs含量平均值分别为2.81×10^-3和2,50×10-1mg·kg-1,污染程度较轻,主要污染物为使用相对较多的PBB-153、PBB-194、PBB-206和PBB-209。PBBs含量的垂直分布规律表现为在〉40~60、0~20、〉20—40和〉60—80cm土层依次降低。PBB-209在10种PBBs中所占比例最高,在进行类似区域的PBBs监测时,可主要监测PBB-209含量,并用PBB-209含量乘以经验系数1.78来初步判断PBBs的污染状况。 相似文献
307.
Jinxiu Huang Mengjun Chen Haiyan Chen Shu Chen Quan Sun 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(2):483-488
In this work, a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([bmim]HSO4), was used to leach copper from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs, mounted with electronic components) for the first time, and the leaching behavior of copper was discussed in detail. The results showed that after the pre-treatment, the metal distributions were different with the particle size: Cu, Zn and Al increased with the increasing particle size; while Ni, Sn and Pb were in the contrary. And the particle size has significant influence on copper leaching rate. Copper leaching rate was higher than 99%, almost 100%, when 1 g WPCBs powder was leached under the optimum conditions: particle size of 0.1–0.25 mm, 25 mL 80% (v/v) ionic liquid, 10 mL 30% hydrogen peroxide, solid/liquid ratio of 1/25, 70 °C and 2 h. Copper leaching by [bmim]HSO4 can be modeled with the shrinking core model, controlled by diffusion through a solid product layer, and the kinetic apparent activation energy has been calculated to be 25.36 kJ/mol. 相似文献
308.
The world’s waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) consumption has increased incredibly in recent decades, which have drawn much attention from the public. However, the major economic driving force for recycling of WEEE is the value of the metallic fractions (MFs). The non-metallic fractions (NMFs), which take up a large proportion of E-wastes, were treated by incineration or landfill in the past. NMFs from WEEE contain heavy metals, brominated flame retardant (BFRs) and other toxic and hazardous substances. Combustion as well as landfill may cause serious environmental problems. Therefore, research on resource reutilization and safe disposal of the NMFs from WEEE has a great significance from the viewpoint of environmental protection. Among the enormous variety of NMFs from WEEE, some of them are quite easy to recycle while others are difficult, such as plastics, glass and NMFs from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). In this paper, we mainly focus on the intractable NMFs from WEEE. Methods and technologies of recycling the two types of NMFs from WEEE, plastics, glass are reviewed in this paper. For WEEE plastics, the pyrolysis technology has the lowest energy consumption and the pyrolysis oil could be obtained, but the containing of BFRs makes the pyrolysis recycling process problematic. Supercritical fluids (SCF) and gasification technology have a potentially smaller environmental impact than pyrolysis process, but the energy consumption is higher. With regard to WEEE glass, lead removing is requisite before the reutilization of the cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass, and the recycling of liquid crystal display (LCD) glass is economically viable for the containing of precious metals (indium and tin). However, the environmental assessment of the recycling process is essential and important before the industrialized production stage. For example, noise and dust should be evaluated during the glass cutting process. This study could contribute significantly to understanding the recycling methods of NMFs from WEEE and serve as guidance for the future technology research and development. 相似文献
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310.
在一台原机为满足国Ⅲ排放法规的增压中冷电控单体泵四缸发动机上采用柴油/甲醇双燃料(DMDF)燃烧方式,结合废气再循环(EGR)技术及不同后处理装置进行台架试验.结果表明:加装DMDF系统并经过精细标定,在不添加任何后处理器的情况下,仅结合EGR,氮氧化物(NOx)和颗粒物(PM)的排放即可满足国V规定法规,但总碳氢化合物(THC)和一氧化碳(CO)排放高于法规限值;增加采用氧化催化转化器(DOC)或DOC+颗粒氧化催化转化器(POC)简单的后处理装置可以使电控单体泵DMDF发动机排放全面满足国V排放标准要求.其中,仅采用DOC的方式,THC和CO十三点加权比排放与后处理之前相比的降幅可分别达98.0%和99.8%,且分别仅为国V限值的35.2%和2.4%,采用DOC+POC的方式,HC和CO十三点比排放较原机的降幅分别达99.2%和99.9%,且分别仅为国V限值的13.5%和1.2%. 相似文献