有机胺脱硫工艺在高硫煤地区火电厂的应用分析

近年来,电力行业发展迅速,燃煤电厂大气污染物控制取得很大成就。在电力行业"十二五"规划中,对节能减排工作提出了更高的要求,其中二氧化硫的削减仍占主要地位。本文就高硫煤地区实施有机胺脱硫工艺进行探讨,论述其应用情况、工艺原理,与传统工艺相比的优势、特点及发展方向。     

污泥焚烧中二氧化硫检测新方法及污泥处理探讨

对新乡市9个污水处理场污泥预处理后,用测硫仪分析污泥含硫量,并用经验公式根据年污水处理量,估算焚烧污泥方法年二氧化硫排放总量。结果显示：用测硫仪测定污泥含硫量,核算二氧化硫排放量,与现有方法相比,操作简便易行,结果不受采样条件、时间、环境、布点等因素影响,重现性好、完整、精密。同时发现部分污泥含硫量超过规定用煤中含硫量,建议用焚烧方法处置污泥,净化尾气。     

型煤产业发展与提高

本文论述发展工业型煤产业的重要意义和技术质量保证,洁净煤技术是控制污染和节约能源,提高煤炭资源利用率的重要技术项目,将粉煤生产成型煤,为工业、民用提供洁净的燃料,既充分利用煤炭资源同时改善能源结构,又有显著的环保效益,国家把煤炭产业列入中国洁净煤技术有限发展项目,目前制约型煤产业的发展要造气型和燃烧型煤并举,同时有利于用户的节能效益。     

葫芦岛市工业源二氧化硫普查结果分析与对策

通过对葫芦岛市工业源二氧化硫普查结果全面系统分析,阐明了各区域、行业、企业的二氧化硫产生、排放及分布特点,指出了葫芦岛地区工业源二氧化硫存在的主要问题,提出了具体的对策措施。     

Beyond hypoxia：Occurrence and characteristics of black blooms due to the decomposition of the submerged plant Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake

Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black blooms that were induced by Potamogeton crispus in Lake Taihu, China. The main physical and chemical characteristics, including color- and odor-related substances, of the black blooms were analyzed. The black blooms were characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentration(close to 0 mg/L), low oxidation-reduction potential, and relatively low pH of overlying water. Notably higher Fe2+and∑S2-were found in the black-bloom waters than in waters not affected by black blooms. The black color of the water may be attributable to the high concentration of these elements, as black FeS was considered to be the main substance causing the black color of blooms in freshwater lakes. Volatile organic sulfur compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, were very abundant in the black-bloom waters. The massive anoxic degradation of dead Potamogeton crispus plants released dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were the main odor-causing compounds in the black blooms. The black blooms also induced an increase in ammonium nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus levels in the overlying waters. This extreme phenomenon not only heavily influenced the original lake ecosystem but also greatly changed the cycling of Fe, S, and nutrients in the water column.     

Efectiveness of national air pollution control policies on the air quality in metropolitan areas of China

Understanding the efectiveness of national air pollution controls is important for control policy design to improve the future air quality in China. This study evaluated the efectiveness of major national control policies implemented recently in China through a modeling analysis. The sulfur dioxide(SO2) control policy during the 11th Five Year Plan period(2006–2010) had succeeded in reducing the national SO2emission in 2010 by 14% from its 2005 level, which correspondingly reduced ambient SO2and sulfate(SO4 2) concentrations by 13%–15% and 8%–10% respectively over east China. The nitrogen oxides(NOx) control policy during the 12th Five Year Plan period(2011–2015) targets the reduction of the national NOx emission in 2015 by 10% on the basis of 2010. The simulation results suggest that such a reduction in NOx emission will reduce the ambient nitrogen dioxide(NO2), nitrate(NO3), 1-hr maxima ozone(O3) concentrations and total nitrogen deposition by 8%, 3%–14%, 2% and 2%–4%, respectively over east China. The application of new emission standards for power plants will further reduce the NO2, NO3, 1-hr maxima O3concentrations and total nitrogen deposition by 2%–4%, 1%–6%, 0–2% and 1%–2%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the inter-provincial impacts of emission reduction in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta, which indicated the need to implement joint regional air pollution control.     

秸秆烟尘和灰烬中元素碳的稳定同位素组成

选取稻草、麦草和玉米秸秆各6个品种,进行室内模拟焚烧试验,用同位素质谱计测定了灰烬和烟尘中元素碳(EC)的同位素比值.结果表明,稻草明火和闷烧烟尘中EC的δ13C平均值分别是-28.3‰、-28.7‰,比稻草总碳分别轻2.7‰、3.0‰.麦草明火和闷烧烟尘中EC的δ13C平均值分别为-28.5‰、-28.0‰,比麦草总碳分别轻0.1‰、重0.4‰.玉米秸秆明火和闷烧烟尘中EC的δ13C平均值分别为-17.2‰、-13.6‰,比秸秆总碳分别轻3.4‰、重0.2‰.在稻草明火和闷烧灰烬中,EC的δ13C平均值分别是-27.5‰、-27.3‰,比稻草总碳分别轻1.8‰、1.6‰.在麦草的明火和闷烧灰烬中,EC的δ13C平均值分别为-27.4‰和-26.0‰,比麦草总碳分别重0.9‰和2.4‰.在玉米秸秆的明火和闷烧灰烬中,EC的δ13C平均值分别为-15.0‰和-14.8‰,比玉米秆总碳分别轻1.2‰和1.0‰.3类秸秆,尤其是稻草和玉米秸秆,其烟尘和灰烬中的EC均发生了明显的同位素分馏.其同位素组成对于识别和估算大气气溶胶中此类秸秆燃烧来源的EC有参考意义.     

硫黄联合装置停工密闭吹扫的实现

介绍了中国石化济南分公司硫黄回收联合装置安全环保停工的过程,在硫黄回收联合装置停工前,研究讨论各装置停工密闭吹扫的流程及方法,并确定各装置停工吹扫的顺序、注意事项和前期准备工作。在各装置停工吹扫过程中,严格按照停工方案,采取了分装置吹扫,该装置吹扫完毕后立即加盲板隔离,最后放火炬公用系统采取倒吹扫,实现了装置停工密闭吹扫,达到了各装置停工酸性气系统吹扫不放火炬的要求。     

广东肇庆奥陶系砂泥岩沉积环境的地球化学表征

以砂泥岩样品的常量/微量元素地球化学特征分析为主要手段,探讨广东肇庆地区奥陶纪沉积环境,为尚显薄弱的云开古陆北缘下古生界沉积学研究提供佐证。以"相当B含量"、Ga、K、Rb、V、Sc等元素组分及其比值为判别指标,分析研究区奥陶系碎屑岩沉积的古水体性质和古环境变化。结果表明,奥陶纪早-中期(缩尾岭群沉积期)海水明显淡化、富氧;奥陶纪晚期(三尖群沉积期)以半咸水-正常咸水为主,水体还原性增强。结合地层岩相特征,认为研究区在奥陶纪期间整体为云开古陆东北缘的滨-浅海,早期可能存在受淡水影响的海陆过渡环境,例如三角洲或河口湾,晚期由于海平面上升逐渐成为浅海陆棚。研究结果有助于进一步了解云开古陆周缘奥陶纪沉积演化,并为开展更为详细的沉积学研究提供参考。