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121.
环境效应系数矩阵法及其在城市能源污染最优控制策略研究中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文详细描述了能够表示能源和环境相互作用的环境效应系数矩阵的使用方法,它的定义以及矩阵的生成。通过哈尔滨市能源污染对环境影响的综合评价专题研究,说明了它在能源转换和消费导致大气污染的最优控制策略中的应用。 相似文献
122.
Z.A. Khan B.M. Misra K. Raghu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):1015-1027
Abstract Interaction of lindane with silty loam and silty clay loam soils was studied in batch tests at 23, 30 and 37° C. Sorption experiments were carried out at four concentrations and for varying time of contact upto 72 hours. This was followed by desorption studies. No desorption was observed. The sorption data was analysed using sorption equations and evaluating the thermodynamic parameters. The sorption was found to be predominantly entropic in nature and a combined effect of adsorption and chemisorption. The effect of organic matter and other chemical and mineralogical constituents of soils has also been discussed. The sorption with single application of lindane with the two soil types indicates that the insecticide is less likely to reach groundwater. 相似文献
123.
Vikram J. Kaku Michel C. Boufadel Albert D. Venosa James Weaver 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2006,6(4):385-406
The evaluation of dispersant effectiveness used for oil spills is commonly done using tests conducted in laboratory flasks.
We used a Hot Wire Anemometer (HWA) to characterize mixing dynamics in the Swirling Flask (SF) and the Baffled Flask (BF),
the latter is being considered by the EPA to replace the prior to test dispersant effectiveness in the laboratory. Five rotation
speeds of the orbital shaker carrying the flasks were considered, Ω = 50, 100, 150, 175 and 200 rpm. The radial and azimuthal
water speeds were measured for each Ω. It was found that the flow in the SF is, in general, two-dimensional changing from
horizontal at low Ω to axi-symmetric at high Ω. The flow in the BF appeared to be three-dimensional at all rotation speeds.
This indicates that the BF is more suitable for representing the (inherently) 3-D flow at sea. In the SF, the speeds and energy
dissipation rates ɛ increased gradually as the rotation speed increased. Those in the BF increased sharply at rotation speeds
greater than 150 rpm. At 200 rpm, the Kolmogorov scale (i.e., size of smallest eddies) was about 250 and 50 μm in the SF and
BF, respectively. Noting that the observed droplet sizes of dispersed oils range from 50 to 400 μm (hence most of it is less
than 250 μm), one concludes that the mixing in the SF (even at 200 rpm) is not representative of the vigorous mixing occurring
at sea. 相似文献
124.
125.
河南省秸秆能源化利用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在日益严峻的能源短缺和环境污染的双重压力下,进行秸秆能源化的开发和利用对于河南新型城镇化建设具有重大战略意义.河南秸秆资源丰富,但秸秆能源化利用尚处于初级阶段,利用率非常低,只有健全秸秆收储体系,改进各种秸秆能源化利用方式的技术性能,加强应用和推广,提升秸秆能源化利用的经济效益,加大对秸秆能源化利用相关主体的引导和扶持,提供政策和资金支持,才能为河南秸秆能源化发展提供良好的环境. 相似文献
126.
在深刻论述新疆地区近年来开展节能减排和总量控制工作情况的基础上,针对我区污染物总量控制工作所面临的形势和问题进行了认真总结,并结合我区今后经济发展要求,为确保完成“十一五”总量控制目标,认真做好“十二五”总量控制工作,提出了加强污染源监督管理、完善考核制度、推进大集团战略及提高环境准入条件等8个方面的对策和建议。 相似文献
127.
C. Riva A. Schievano G. D’Imporzano F. Adani 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(8):1429-1435
The purpose of this study was to observe the economic sustainability of three different biogas full scale plants, fed with different organic matrices: energy crops (EC), manure, agro-industrial (Plants B and C) and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) (Plant A). The plants were observed for one year and total annual biomass feeding, biomass composition and biomass cost (€ Mg?1), initial investment cost and plant electric power production were registered. The unit costs of biogas and electric energy (€ Sm?3biogas, € kW h?1EE) were differently distributed, depending on the type of feed and plant. Plant A showed high management/maintenance cost for OFMSW treatment (0.155 € Sm?3biogas, 45% of total cost), Plant B suffered high cost for EC supply (0.130 € Sm?3biogas, 49% of total cost) and Plant C showed higher impact on the total costs because of the depreciation charge (0.146 € Sm?3biogas, 41% of total costs). The breakeven point for the tariff of electric energy, calculated for the different cases, resulted in the range 120–170 € MW h?1EE, depending on fed materials and plant scale. EC had great impact on biomass supply costs and should be reduced, in favor of organic waste and residues; plant scale still heavily influences the production costs. The EU States should drive incentives in dependence of these factors, to further develop this still promising sector. 相似文献
128.
Claudia Pahl-Wostl Christoph Schlumpf Martin Büssenschütt Andreas Schönborn Jan Burse 《Integrated Assessment》2000,1(4):267-280
Within the CLEAR project a new approach to integrated assessment modelling has been developed for the participatory integrated
assessment of regional climate change involving citizens' focus groups. The climate change decision problem was structured
by focusing separately on climate impacts and mitigation options. The attempt was made to link the different scales of the
problem from the individual to the global level. The abstract topic of climate change was related to options on the level
of a citizen's individual lifestyle. The option of a low energy society was emphasised in order to embed the climate change
decision problem in a wider range of societal concerns. Special emphasis was given to the characterisation and communication
of uncertainties. The chosen approach allows different kinds of uncertainties in one framework to be addressed. The paper
concludes with a summary of the experience made, and recommendations for the use of models in participatory integrated assessments.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
129.
CO2 capture and storage from a bioethanol plant: Carbon and energy footprint and economic assessment
A. Laude O. Ricci G. Bureau J. Royer-Adnot A. Fabbri 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011,5(5):1220-1231
Biomass energy and carbon capture and storage (BECCS) can lead to a net removal of atmospheric CO2. This paper investigates environmental and economic performances of CCS retrofit applied to two mid-sized refineries producing ethanol from sugar beets. Located in the Region Centre France, each refinery has two major CO2 sources: fermentation and cogeneration units. “carbon and energy footprint” (CEF) and “discounted cash flow” (DCF) analyses show that such a project could be a good opportunity for CCS early deployment. CCS retrofit on fermentation only with natural gas fired cogeneration improves CEF of ethanol production and consumption by 60% without increasing much the non renewable energy consumption. CCS retrofit on fermentation and natural gas fired cogeneration is even more appealing by decreasing of 115% CO2 emissions, while increasing non renewable energy consumption by 40%. DCF shows that significant project rates of return can be achieved for such small sources if both a stringent carbon policy and direct subsidies corresponding to 25% of necessary investment are assumed. We also underlined that transport and storage cost dilution can be realistically achieved by clustering emissions from various plants located in the same area. On a single plant basis, increasing ethanol production can also produce strong economies of scale. 相似文献
130.