滨海地区湿地重建的生态工程范例

在天津泰达区盐田上通过淡水浸泡、消浪墙构建、土壤更换、水生植物引种等措施，重建了湿地生态系统的结构。结果表明，人工湿地在初期阶段是成功的。     

水体阿特拉津残留对千屈菜的毒性效应

为向水体污染的植物修复技术提供依据,采用营养液水培法研究5个阿特拉津浓度(1、2、4、8和16 mg L-1)下千屈菜鲜重增量、叶片相对含水量(RWC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、根系活力和叶绿素含量等的变化差异.结果表明,阿特拉津胁迫下,千屈菜在实验浓度范围内均可存活和生长;但鲜重增量、RWC、叶绿素含量均有不同程度的下降,根系活力和POD活性降低,同时MDA含量上升,膜脂过氧化程度加剧.阿特拉津浓度越高,其对千屈菜的毒性越高.1 mg L-1处理下,除POD活性外植物其他生长和生理指标均与空白对照无显著差异;但16 mgL-1处理下,鲜重增量、MDA含量和POD活性则显著低于正常水平.由于阿特拉津的降解,这种不良影响随处理时间的延长而减弱.千屈菜对低浓度阿特拉津(≤1 mg L-1)具有较高耐受性.     

基于贝叶斯网络的突发事件影响度研究

不确定性的知识表示和推理是突发事件影响度评估中需要解决的重要问题。针对突发事件评估信息的多样性、不确定性及模糊性,利用贝叶斯网络易于进行不确定性推理的优点,提出了采用贝叶斯网络对突发事件影响度进行评价,建立了评价模型,给出了推理决策方法,并且对该方法进行了算例分析。算例表明,基于贝叶斯网络的突发事件影响度评价模型能够提高评估的准确度及对突发事件的响应能力。     

Influence of Environmental Factors on Biotic Responses to Nutrient Enrichment in Agricultural Streams1

Maret, Terry R., Christopher P. Konrad, and Andrew W. Tranmer, 2010. Influence of Environmental Factors on Biotic Responses to Nutrient Enrichment in Agricultural Streams. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(3):498-513. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00430.x Abstract: The influence of environmental factors on biotic responses to nutrients was examined in three diverse agricultural regions of the United States. Seventy wadeable sites were selected along an agricultural land use gradient while minimizing natural variation within each region. Nutrients, habitat, algae, macroinvertebrates, and macrophyte cover were sampled during a single summer low-flow period in 2006 or 2007. Continuous stream stage and water temperature were collected at each site for 30 days prior to sampling. Wide ranges of concentrations were found for total nitrogen (TN) (0.07-9.61 mg/l) and total phosphorus (TP) (<0.004-0.361 mg/l), but biotic responses including periphytic and sestonic chlorophyll a (RCHL and SCHL, respectively), and percent of stream bed with aquatic macrophyte (AQM) growth were not strongly related to concentrations of TN or TP. Pearson’s coefficient of determination (R²) for nutrients and biotic measures across all sites ranged from 0.08 to 0.32 and generally were not higher within each region. The biotic measures (RCHL, SCHL, and AQM) were combined in an index to evaluate eutrophic status across sites that could have different biotic responses to nutrient enrichment. Stepwise multiple regression identified TN, percent canopy, median riffle depth, and daily percent change in stage as significant factors for the eutrophic index (R² = 0.50, p < 0.001). A TN threshold of 0.48 mg/l was identified where eutrophic index scores became less responsive to increasing TN concentrations, for all sites. Multiple plant growth indicators should be used when evaluating eutrophication, especially when streams contain an abundance of macrophytes.     

三种挺水植物及其组合净化微污染水体的研究

考察了水芹、鱼腥草、香根草及对校园微污染景观水体的净化效果,分析了植物不同部位的氮磷含量分布.结果表明,水芹、鱼腥草和香根草对水中的TN、TP、CODcr和Chla的去除率范围分别为52.4％～64.3％、46.8％～ 58.4％、69％ ～ 84％和48.1％ ～60％,经7周净化可使听松湖水质由Ⅳ类水变为Ⅲ类水.组合植物对TN、TP、CODcr和Chla的净化效果相对于单种植物作用均没有显著增加(p＞0.05).鱼腥草对水中氮磷的吸收效率最高,香根草次之,水芹最低.3种植物不同部位的植株含氮量为根＞茎＞叶,磷含量为根大于茎叶.     

Ecological-biogeochemical role of macrophytes in aquatic ecosystems of urbanized territories (an example of small water bodies of St. Petersburg)

The accumulation of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd) and biogenic elements (P, S, K, Ca, Na) in leaves has been studied in macrophytes of different ecological groups growing in small water bodies of St. Petersburg. The ecogeological and biogeochemical role of macrophytes in the water-aquatic plants-bottom sediments system and their contribution to the stability of aquatic ecosystem functioning under conditions of a megalopolis are considered. Prospects for using macrophytes for bioindication and phytoremediation of polluted aquatic ecosystems are discussed.     

HARVESTING AS A CONTROL FOR AQUATIC PLANTS1

Studies of the effects of harvesting on hydrophytes in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin indicate that one harvest reduced growth by at least 50%, two harvests reduced it by 75% and three harvests virtually eliminated plant material for the year. The studies also indicated that harvesting one year reduced the biomass the following year, especially in deep water. Three harvests during the previous year were most effective in controlling biomass the second year.     

Ambient Ultraviolet B Radiation and Prevalence of Infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Two Amphibian Species

Abstract: Chytridiomycosis, the emerging disease caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is responsible for declines and extirpations of amphibian populations worldwide. Environmental covariates modify the host‐Bd interaction and thus affect the ongoing spread of the pathogen. One such covariate may be the intensity of ultraviolet B (UV‐B) radiation. In a field experiment conducted in Laguna Grande de Peñalara (central Spain), a mountainous region where the presence of Bd has been documented since 1997, we analyzed the potential effect of environmental UV‐B (daily maximum 2.5–3.9 W/m²) on the susceptibility of larvae of the common toad (Bufo bufo) to Bd. The proportion of infected individuals increased as tadpoles developed. The prevalence of Bd was significantly lower in tadpoles exposed to environmental UV‐B intensities (2.94%) than in tadpoles not exposed to the radiation (9.72%). This finding mirrors that seen for a second amphibian species, the European midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans), for which conditional prevalence (i.e., prevalence of infection conditioned on the probability of a site being infected) across the Iberian Peninsula was inversely correlated with the intensity of UV‐B.     

基于ITS的紧急事件快速反应系统的研究

我国道路交通中紧急事件快速反应的状况随着机动车数量的急剧增长而恶化,社会各界同时也认识到,为改进紧急事件快速反应体系和充分运用社会资源的重要性。智能交通系统(ITS)是一个高科技集成系统,它综合运用各种高新技术于整个交通管理系统之中,可以系统、全面、高效地提高交通运输的安全性。随着ITS相关技术在城市交通的进一步应用,为道路交通中紧急事件快速反应系统带来了新的契机。针对现状,笔者阐述了与交通相关的紧急事件的发生原因,提出了需要利用先进的交通管理系统来对紧急事件做出快速的反应;重点介绍了基于ITS的紧急事件快速反应系统,包括紧急事件快速反应所需的系统资源,以及信息采集方式和各个子系统构成情况等主要方面。紧急事件快速反应系统,可以有效地利用社会资源,降低紧急事件可能造成的经济损失,减少人员伤亡。