不同污染区巨菌草生物炭内源污染物分布及其生物毒性

由于生物质原料来源广泛,缺乏生物炭内源污染物及其用量限制标准,极有可能将含有高内源污染物的生物炭用于环境修复,产生潜在的环境风险.采用清洁区、中度和重度污染区的巨菌草为原料制备生物炭,考察其内源铜（Cu）和镉（Cd）全量及其酸溶态含量和持久性自由基（PFRs）分布,并研究生物炭浸出液对小麦根伸长抑制率和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明,重度污染区九牛生物炭Cu和中度污染区水泉生物炭中Cd含量分别是清洁区红壤生物炭Cu和Cd的3.73倍和4.43倍,九牛生物炭中酸溶态Cu含量分别是水泉和红壤生物炭的3.32倍和2.84倍,水泉和九牛生物炭中酸溶态Cd含量分别是红壤生物炭的7.95倍和5.11倍.3种生物炭中均含有相邻氧原子以碳为中心的PFRs,表现为：红壤>九牛>水泉.3种生物炭浸出液对小麦根伸长均表现为抑制作用,但均不同程度地提高了小麦幼苗超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,其中九牛生物炭浸出液对小麦根伸长抑制率最高,达到27.7%.本研究表明,生物炭中内源重金属及PFRs等污染物的共同作用对小麦幼苗产生了显著的生物毒性,后期的研究需关注生物炭内源污染物的潜在环境风险,避免产生二次污染等环境问题.     

Economic analysis of atmospheric mercury emission control for coal-fired power plants in China

Coal combustion and mercury pollution are closely linked, and this relationship is particularly relevant in China, the world's largest coal consumer. This paper begins with a summary of recent China-specific studies on mercury removal by air pollution control technologies and then provides an economic analysis of mercury abatement from these emission control technologies at coal-fired power plants in China. This includes a cost-effectiveness analysis at the enterprise and sector level in China using 2010 as a baseline and projecting out to 2020 and 2030. Of the control technologies evaluated, the most cost-effective is a fabric filter installed upstream of the wet flue gas desulfurization system (FF + WFGD). Halogen injection (HI) is also a cost-effective mercury-specific control strategy, although it has not yet reached commercial maturity. The sector-level analysis shows that 193 tons of mercury was removed in 2010 in China's coal-fired power sector, with annualized mercury emission control costs of 2.7 billion Chinese Yuan. Under a projected 2030 Emission Control (EC) scenario with stringent mercury limits compared to Business As Usual (BAU) scenario, the increase of selective catalytic reduction systems (SCR) and the use of HI could contribute to 39 tons of mercury removal at a cost of 3.8 billion CNY. The economic analysis presented in this paper offers insights on air pollution control technologies and practices for enhancing atmospheric mercury control that can aid decision-making in policy design and private-sector investments.     

中国未来核电严重事故发生的可能性研究

安全是核电发展的重大前提,但是核电发展的短短历史时期内就发生了3次严重事故,第4次事故会不会发生在中国?通过列举历史、法规、技术、文化、制度等方面的因素,说明可以保障中国核电不发生严重事故,但是由于存在法规杂乱、技术青涩以及人因等因素,使得核电存在发生严重事故的可能。应用概率方法,对各国严重事故发生概率进行了计算,发现事故一般都早于计算的预期,核电在中长期内还存在发生严重事故的可能。中国核电应杜绝"大跃进"式发展,统一完善核电法规标准,严格制度和实施过程,选择科学的发展模式,才能保证核电安全。     

Bioconcentration of metals in the moss Scleropodium purum in the area surrounding a power plant. A geotopographical predictive model for mercury

Samples of the moss Scleropodium purum collected in 1995 and 1997 were used to biomonitor the deposition of metals in the area surrounding a thermal power plant. Significantly higher levels of Cu (p<0.05), Fe (p<0.01), As and Hg (p<0.001) were found in the 1997 samples than in the 1995 samples, due to changes in atmospheric conditions. The influence on bioconcentration of the orientation of the sampling sites relative to the source of emission was studied. It was found that the increase recorded in 1997 generally occurred in the sampling sites in the south east of the study area. Analysis of the effect of distance from the source of emission revealed that the increase in metal levels in 1997 took place close to the power station (10–30 km). Finally, multiple regression analysis was used to construct a model that related different topographical variables to the concentrations of Hg in moss. The model, constructed using the data collected in both sampling periods, included the orientation of the sampling sites relative to the source of emission as well as the height of sampling sites in 1995 and the distance from the emission point in 1997. The model allowed us to determine the extent of the area affected by deposition and to establish the magnitude of deposition.     

Bioconcentration of metals in the moss Scleropodium purum in the area surrounding a power plant: A geotopographical predictive model for mercury

Samples of the moss Scleropodium purum collected in 1995 and 1997 were used to biomonitor the deposition of metals in the area surrounding a thermal power plant. Significantly higher levels of Cu (p<0.05), Fe (p<0.01), As and Hg (p<0.001) were found in the 1997 samples than in the 1995 samples, due to changes in atmospheric conditions. The influence on bioconcentration of the orientation of the sampling sites relative to the source of emission was studied. It was found that the increase recorded in 1997 generally occurred in the sampling sites in the south east of the study area. Analysis of the effect of distance from the source of emission revealed that the increase in metal levels in 1997 took place close to the power station (10–30 km). Finally, multiple regression analysis was used to construct a model that related different topographical variables to the concentrations of Hg in moss. The model, constructed using the data collected in both sampling periods, included the orientation of the sampling sites relative to the source of emission as well as the height of sampling sites in 1995 and the distance from the emission point in 1997. The model allowed us to determine the extent of the area affected by deposition and to establish the magnitude of deposition.     

PCDD/F in waste water discharges from flue gas scrubbers of waste incinerators and coal operated power plants

Scrubber water samples from different combustion plants and gypsum samples as obtained in the flue gas washing with lime water were analyzed for PCDD/F. Three of the investigated nine scrubber water samples showed PCDD/F contents between 0,4 and 11,5 ng I-TEq/1 where as in the 17 gypsum samples examined only in a few cases very low levels of HpCDD and OCDD could be detected.     

‘Power with’ and ‘power to’ in environmental politics and the transition to sustainability

Scholars of environmental politics demand serious reform of international governance and institutions to protect planet Earth. There is therefore an urgent need to discuss what causes change and gridlock in environmental politics. Serious reform is inextricably tied up with questions of power. The diversity with which studies on environmental politics understand power is exposed through three ideal type concepts: power with (learning and cooperation), power to (resistance and empowerment) and power over (coercion and manipulation). So far, scholars have mainly used analysis of coercive power (over) to explain gridlock in environmental politics; also needed is explicit acknowledgement of coaction and individual agency that can enable transition to more sustainable societies.     

烟台地区老年人力资源的开发利用

本文以人口普查资料为基础,从人口发展及劳动力文化素质两个方面阐述了烟台地区加强老年人力资源开发的重要意义,并在此基础上,对全区老年人力资源开发利用的现状及其主要问题进行了剖析。最后,本文就加强老年人力资源开发的对策进行了探讨     

A Mediation Case for Resolving the Energy and Environment Dispute at Aliağa-İzmir, Turkey

A mediation exercise to resolve the ongoing dispute against these power plant projects at Aliağa was recommended and participated in by the author in 1997. In this article the basis of the continuing environmental concern about the feared impacts of the new power plants, procedure, and results of this mediation are mentioned. The basis of the “energy versus environment” dispute in Aliağa are introduced. Mediation exercise and its end results have been criticized.     

山东省旅游经济综合实力评价与类型划分

以山东省17个地区为区域研究单元，运用因子分析法对山东省旅游经济的发展水平进行了综合评价，并结合聚类分析方法把各地旅游经济划分为5种类型。以统计结果为依据，不仅给出了各地区的综合名次和属类，还对形成原因进行了有针对性地分析。