我国可持续能源工业发展思考

中国一次能源消费结构严重滞后于世界能源工业发展，但中国具有发展天然气、核电、水电等洁净能源的巨大前景，因此大力发展天然气、核电等能源是中国建立可持续能源工业的重要选择。     

绿色导向下的光伏产业环境污染控制进展研究

光伏发电技术具有环保和节约能源的特点,在光伏组件废弃后和太阳能电池的原料生产环节,会产生一定程度的环境污染.对太阳能电池废弃物进行资源化回收处理,积极研发新型电池和新材料,可以有效控制污染.目前对光伏废弃物进行资源化的方法主要有:热解法,无机酸溶解法,有机溶剂溶解法,化学蚀刻等;薄膜型光伏电池和聚合物光伏新材料的研究也取得了相应进展,拥有较好的发展前景.     

Escaping radioactivity from coal-fired power plants (CPPs) due to coal burning and the associated hazards: a review

Coal, like most materials found in nature, contains trace quantities of the naturally occurring primordial radionuclides, i.e. of ⁴⁰K and of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and their decay products. Therefore, the combustion of coal results in the released into the environment of some natural radioactivity (1.48 TBq y⁻¹), the major part of which (99 %) escapes as very fine particles, while the rest in fly ash. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides measured in coals originated from coal mines in Greece varied from 117 to 435 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²³⁸U, from 44 to 255 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁶Ra, from 59 to 205 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²¹⁰Pb, from 9 to 41 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁸Ra (²³²Th) and from 59 to 227 Bq kg⁻¹ for ⁴⁰K. Fly ash escapes from the stacks of coal-fired power plants in a percentage of 3-1% of the total fly ash, in the better case. The natural radionuclide concentrations measured in fly ash produced and retained or escaped from coal-fired power plants in Greece varied from 263 to 950 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²³⁸U, from 142 to 605 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁶Ra, from 133 to 428 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²¹⁰Pb, from 27 to 68 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁸Ra (²³²Th) and from 204 to 382 Bq kg⁻¹ for ⁴⁰K. About 5% of the total ash produced in the coal-fired power plants is used as substitute of cement in concrete for the construction of dwellings, and may affect indoor radiation doses from external irradiation and the inhalation of radon decay products (internal irradiation) is the most significant. The resulting normalized collective effective doses were 6 and 0.5 man-Sv (GW a)⁻¹ for typical old and modern coal-fired power plants, respectively.     

燃煤电厂劳动安全卫生预评价探讨

通过对某大型燃煤电厂劳动安全卫生预评价的总结,对正处于起步阶段的电力建设项目劳动安全卫生预评价的程序、特点、内容、深度、方法及需要注意的总是进行论述,试图提高燃煤电厂劳动安全卫生预评价的质量。     

电厂煤燃烧后元素硒的分布及对环境的贡献

对电厂煤、除尘器飞灰、渣及不同粒径的烟道飞灰中痕量元素硒进行研究.化学分析表明,硒在渣和除尘器飞灰中亏损而在细飞灰中富集,尤其在>19.0μm的飞灰中明显富集,富集系数达到5.15,造成这种现象的原因一是挥发性元素的挥发-凝结作用,二是燃烧产物在燃烧气流中停留的时间,三与飞灰颗粒形态有关,>19.0μm的飞灰中多孔颗粒可能是造成其富集的原因.逐级化学提取实验表明,煤中硒主要具有机相关性(69.7%),这也是硒挥发性高的一个主要原因;物质平衡计算显示煤中16.5%的硒随气流直接排放入大气,细飞灰中的硒只占1.1%,且大部分在>19.0μm的飞灰中,影响范围小,渣中硒对周围环境的影响更小,飞灰中的硒具有一定的迁移性,也许可以用来改善缺硒土壤.     

437个火电厂项目环境影响宏观分析及对策研究

对2004-2005年上报国家环境保护总局环境工程评估中心的437个火电项目环境影响和宏观对策分4种方案进行了分析和探讨.结果表明:方案Ⅰ和方案Ⅱ的能源弹性系数分别为3.6和2.2,对环境、资源影响较大,不利于可持续发展;方案Ⅲ能源弹性系数为0.5,对环境、资源影响小,符合可持续发展,但目前难以实现;方案Ⅳ能源弹性系数为0.8,对环境、资源影响较小,按方案Ⅳ模式发展也有一定难度,但经过艰苦努力可以实现.分析了火电发展对煤炭资源和环境等方面的影响,并提出应尽快将我国能源弹性系数恢复到正常值,统筹火电厂规划,坚持经济发展模式的转变、节能降耗、调整产业结构等建议.      

MULTIOBJECTIVE REAL‐TIME RESERVOIR OPERATION WITH A NETWORK FLOW ALGORITHM1

ABSTRACT: A network flow algorithm has been developed for the optimization of real‐time operation of a multiple reservoir system. Two purposes have been considered in the operation: flood control and hydropower generation. A special network structure was developed which allows the consideration of river routing. A multiobjective formulation is utilized thus allowing generation of a non‐dominated curve. The effect of imperfect forecast on the performance of the real‐time operation model is also evaluated. An application is made to a subsystem of the Brazilian hydroelectric system, located in the Paranapanema river basin. In this case study, the model showed good performance under the largest flood of the historical records.     

GB 13223修订后火电用袋式除尘技术发展状况探讨

《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》（GB 13223-2003）修订后,将进一步推动袋式除尘技术在火力发电行业烟尘治理方面的应用。总结了袋式除尘技术在火电厂燃煤锅炉应用的状况,分析了＂十二五＂对现有机组改造和新建机组配套的袋式除尘技术投资总额状况,并说明它将是袋式除尘技术实现30%增长率的重要部分;进一步探讨＂十二五＂期间烟尘排放控制将从重设施建设向重控制效果转变,提出了发展袋式除尘器运营管理服务业设想,预测了袋式除尘器运营管理服务的市场容量。     

核能发电的特点及前景预测

核能发电具有经济、环保、安全的特点,发展和推广核电既能确保能源的可持续发展,也能满足环境保护的需要。近年来,核电发展取得了一定成绩,但其热污染和放射污染问题仍需引起重视并采取相关的措施。