冀南野生药用资源植物研究

常用中药中以药用植物占多数，几乎凡具有特殊化学成分及生理作用的植物均可以作为药用植物利用。统计表明，冀南野生药用植物资源丰富，约170种。主要分布在西部山区。本文对其中部分重要药用资源植物的成分、功效作较详细介绍，其它只作一般性介绍：一、冀南重要野生药用植物     

废彩色阴极射线管玻璃的X和γ射线屏蔽特性

废电视机和计算机监视器产生了数量庞大的废阴极射线管（CRTs）,已成为全球面临的环境风险,迫切需要找出新的处置方法和再利用途径来化解风险。用Χ和γ射线标准剂量测定装置(QH16),XRF,ICP,XRD和灰熔点炉等试验手段测试了废彩色CRTs玻璃的铅当量、化学组成和烧结等特性,并与钢、铁矿石、重晶石等进行对比;讨论了废彩色CRTs玻璃的X和γ射线质量衰减系数,能量吸收特性和辐射屏蔽能力。结果表明,废彩色CRTs玻璃所含的Pb、Ba、Sr、Sb、Ce、Zn等金属元素具有优良的Χ和γ射线屏蔽性能,将其通过烧结法制备成射线屏蔽材料是控制污染和再利用的有效途径。     

长江经济带国土空间开发利用问题与对策研究

以长江经济带国土空间开发利用问题为研究对象,采用统计分析等方法,系统分析了长江经济带国土开发利用面临的资源环境限制性约束趋紧、国土空间结构性矛盾突出、开发利用效率不高、空间功能下降等问题。提出了优化长江经济带发展国土开发利用,必须从中华民族长远利益考虑,以构建国土空间集聚开发格局和分类保护格局的国土空间蓝图为目标,以承载力为基础优化国土空间开发格局,以分类保护和综合整治增强国土功能,以节约集约提升国土利用效益,以区域统筹协调区域土地利用,实现建设集约高效、生态良好、协调发展的国土构想。     

城市土地资源中生态环境承载力指标体系的构建及应用——以北京市为例

根据DPSIR模型构建了城市土地资源中生态环境承载力的指标体系,该体系的创新之处在于通过结构化的指标设计将生态环境与人口、经济、社会发展和管理等其他要素纳入统一分析框架,充分考察了各要素之间的密切关联。在实证分析方面,以北京市为例,对其2011—2014年土地资源中生态环境承载力的相关指标变动趋势情况进行分析。结果表明:人口增长与经济增长两大驱动力指标持续上升,对土地资源带来的压力持续存在且逐年增大;城市建设用地的压力不断增大,居住用地造成的压力最为显著;从反应指标和状态指标看,北京市在努力加强城市绿化和生态保护工作,但影响指标目前尚无显著改善,大气污染和水资源短缺等情况仍不容乐观。最后,针对如何评价和提升城市土地资源中生态环境的承载力提出了政策建议。     

能源甘蔗主要经济和光合性状的遗传分析

以 4× 5不完全双列杂交 (NcII)衍生的 2 0个家系实生苗为材料 ,对其主要经济和光合性状的遗传力和配合力进行分析 .结果表明 :(1)锤度、株高和茎径的遗传主要由加性基因效应引起 ,而丛有效茎数、丛重、锤重和地上部鲜重的遗传主要由非加性基因效应引起 ;(2 )配合力分析表明 ,CP84 / 1198、CP74 / 383、崖 90 / 3、桂 73/ 16 7和科 5各性状 gca较大 ,是较好的高生物量高光效亲本 ,CP84 / 1198×Ya 90 / 3、CP85 / 14 32×桂 73/ 16 7、CP74 / 383×桂 73/ 16 7、CP85 /14 32×科 5各性状sca和tca较大 ,为较好的高生物量高光效组合 ;(3)茎径、锤度和丛重母本gca方差大于父本 gca方差 ,丛有效茎数、锤度和地上部鲜重的广义遗传力在 5 0 %以上 .表 7参 16     

有机磷类杀螺增效剂在土壤中的吸附行为

通过测定16个有机磷类杀螺增效剂在安徽省宿县土壤中的有机硕吸附系数（Koc),研究了该类化合物的环境行为;并用碎片分子连接性指数（FMCIs)和线性溶剂化能参数（LSERs)结构描述符,与土壤有机碳吸附系数之间进行了定量结构-性质相关（QSPR）分析,所得到的两组预测方程,可用于该类化合物的生态风险评价。     

惠州市土地资源及其利用保护

从惠州市土地资源及其利用现状入手，分析其在土地资源利用上存在的耕地面积锐减、土地资源承载力下降、耕地土壤肥力下降、水土流失严重以及土壤和农作物被污染等问题，提出相应的土地资源利用和保护措施。     

Industrial ecology flows of agriculture and food industry in Finland: utilizing by-products and wastes

Although half of the administrative units in China are said to have implemented their local Agenda 21, the promotion of sustainable communities is not pervasive. In this paper, we adopted a relatively untried mode of analysis and a socio-economic context to illustrate the potentials and failures of China's grassroots local government bodies in achieving sustainable waste management. Our study shows that, among the three main functions of sustainable waste management (ensuring environmental hygiene, provision of recycling logistics and changing the consumption pattern of the local community) for local governments, grassroots local government bodies in mainland China are only able to do the minimum, i.e. ensuring environmental hygiene and handling complaints. One of the reasons for the failure is that, despite the emphasis on capacity building in China's Agenda 21, the reality is that no action is taken to empower grassroots local government. Despite the high profile accorded by the Chinese central government to motivating local governments to formulate their own Agenda 21, local sustainability and waste management performance have little relevance to the appraisal systems of these government agents.     

Comparative aspects of mountain land resources management and sustainability: Case studies from India and Canada

India and Canada share a common heritage in natural resources management. Both have a colonial background, settlers and indigenous peoples; there is a history of management agencies with utilitarian attitudes, and a history of treating public lands as commodities for commerce rather than as resources for local livelihoods. This historical context guided the overall goal of this study, which was policy development for the sustainable use of mountain environments. Interviews, workshops and seminars were held with local people and resource management professionals in a comparative case study in two regions; the Kullu area in Himachal Pradesh, India and the Arrow Lakes area in British Columbia, Canada. The paper is organized around two main objectives of the work relating to the successes and failures of mountain environment resource management policies and the development of criteria for assessing and monitoring sustainability in mountain environments, in particular, criteria for examining relevant crosscultural dimensions of sustainable development in these environments. By way of conclusion the paper considers further ways in which traditional resource policy development and implementation is being challenged by changing values and priorities; ecosystems management with people; and co-management and public participation.     

Facilitating sustainable development in Chile: a survey of suitable energy technologies

Sustainable development in developing countries is the main aim of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). However, in the present context, uncertainty prevails as to whether the CDM is actually achieving its aims in terms of achieving sustainable development and to what extent. Chile has several renewable energy and energy efficiency options with significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions abatement potential that are not yet financially and economically competitive. In order to be able to identify potential CDM projects and to formulate a series of possible investment strategies with a sustainable development component, it is crucial to establish a clear understanding of the host country's needs and priorities and the suitable sustainable energy technologies to meet these needs. The main scope of this paper is to present results obtained from an elaborated stakeholder assessment on Chile's high priority energy needs and sustainable energy technologies fulfilling these needs in order to assist Chile in finding ways of encouraging technology transfer that would contribute to low-carbon sustainable energy development.