Exploring the linkage between the home domain and absence from work: Health,motivation, or both?

The aim of this study was twofold. First, we examined depleting and enriching effects of employees' home domain (home demands and quality time spent at home) on unscheduled absence from work. Second, we tested the assumption of the medical and withdrawal models that absence duration and frequency are uniquely predicted by respectively health condition and job motivation. We used longitudinal, different‐source data from 1014 employees. The results showed that home quality time was negatively related to absence frequency and duration in the following year through a physical pathway (less physical stress symptoms and health complaints) and through a psychological pathway (less psychological stress symptoms, increased job motivation). Employees with heavy home demands reported more physical and psychological stress symptoms, more health complaints, and lower job motivation. Accordingly, they had longer and more frequent sick leaves in the consecutive year. We conclude that the home domain adds to our understanding of absence from work. In addition, the model including cross pathways between health complaints and job motivation on the one hand, and absence frequency and duration on the other, best fitted the data. Thus, a clear distinction between volitional absence (frequency) and absence due to illness (duration) seems hard to justify. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国西南乌江流域石灰土中微量金属的富集

为了解石灰土中微量金属的富集特征、机理及供给能力,本文以乌江流域9条石灰岩风化剖面为对象,运用R型聚类分析和质量平衡计算方法,研究了石灰岩风化过程中V、Co、Ni和Zn的富集问题,并获得了以下认识:(1)本区石灰土中V、Co、Ni和Zn的富集程度与其它地区的石灰土相当(甚至更高),高于上陆壳(UCC)、中国土壤(CS)和世界土壤(WS);(2)V、Co和Zn在石灰土中的富集主要与铁氧化物/氢氧化物等的吸附或共沉淀产生的淀积富集有关,而Ni的富集则主要与铝硅酸盐黏土矿物吸附和其它更易溶元素强烈迁出引起的弱残留富集有关。     

Phosphorus Loadings Associated with a Park Tourist Attraction: Limnological Consequences of Feeding the Fish

The Linesville spillway of Pymatuning State Park is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Pennsylvania, USA, averaging more than 450,000 visitors · year⁻¹. Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus) and waterfowl congregate at the spillway where they are fed bread and other foods by park visitors. We hypothesized that the “breadthrowers” constitute a significant nutrient vector to the upper portion of Pymatuning Reservoir. In the summer of 2002, we estimated phosphorus loadings attributable to breadthrowers, and compared these values to background loadings from Linesville Creek, a major tributary to the upper reservoir. Items fed to fish included bread, donuts, bagels, canned corn, popcorn, corn chips, hot dogs, birthday cakes, and dog food. Phosphorus loading associated with park visitors feeding fish was estimated to be 3233 g day⁻¹, and estimated P export from the Linesville Creek watershed was 2235 g·day⁻¹. P loading attributable to breadthrowers exceeded that of the entire Linesville Creek watershed on 33 of the 35 days of study, with only a heavy rainfall event triggering watershed exports that exceeded spillway contributions. Averaged across 5 weeks, breadthrowers contributed 1.45-fold more P to Pymatuning Reservoir than the Linesville Creek watershed. If Linesville Creek P exports are extrapolated to the entire Sanctuary Lake watershed, spillway contributions of P added 48% to the non-point source watershed P entering the lake. Park visitors feeding fish at the Linesville Spillway are a significant source of nutrients entering Sanctuary Lake.     

Geochemical index of trace metals in the surficial sediments from the western continental shelf of India, Arabian Sea

The present study focuses on the determination and abundance of trace metals (viz. Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Co, Cd, Mn and Fe) in the surficial sediments of west coast of Arabian Sea along the Indian subcontinent. Sediment samples were collected from three transects along the western continental shelf of Arabian Sea. The enrichment of Fe and Mn in coastal oxic-sediments indicates the precipitation of these redox sensitive elements as Fe- and Mn-hydroxides and oxides, whereas the low Fe and Mn concentrations in the oxygen deficient sediments of deeper stations reflects the dissolution of their hydroxides and oxides. Concentrations of fairly redox insensitive trace metals like Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr and Cd (with the exceptions of Cr) showed higher values at nearshore sediments, then it decreased towards seaward and again showed a slight increase at oxygen minimum stations in all the three transects. This geochemical variability in their distributional characteristics is mainly associated with the extent to which the precipitation or dissolution of Fe- and Mn-oxides/hydroxides occur since the scavenging or releasing effects of Fe- and Mn-oxides/hydroxides act as significant ‘sinks’ or ‘sources’ of heavy metals. The change in wind pattern, coastal upwelling and increased productivity are also the reported factors which influence the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals in the surface sediments of west coast of India. Enrichment factor generally showed a high gradient accumulation from nearshore to shelf.     

山东济南北部地热田富水规律分析

为查明济南北部地热田的富水规律,并为该地区的地热资源开发提供科学指导,通过对该地区的钻探、物探以及水化学等资料的分析,查明了该区地热田的大致范围为:南起济南岩体,北到齐河—广饶断裂,西起焦斌—庙廊断裂,东至鸡山断裂,总面积约770 km2。济南北部地热田的热源主要来源于北部齐河—广饶断裂沟通深部热源,济南岩浆岩的侵入作用对地热资源的形成也起到积极作用。地热水主要赋存于北东向与近东西向断裂构造的破碎带及附近,深部灰岩热储的岩溶发育较差。     

海河干流(市区段)表层沉积物重金属污染及变化趋势分析

根据1990—2006年监测资料,对海河干流（市区段）沉积物中重金属的现状和变化趋势进行了分析,采用地积累指数和Hakanson危害指数对海河干流（市区段）沉积物重金属富集现状和对水生生物危害进行评估。结果显示：海河干流（市区段）表层沉积物除Zn外,均呈现污染下降趋势。海河干流（市区段）沉积物中重金属对生物潜在危害顺序为Cd〉Hg〉As〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr〉Zn,各项指标对生物潜在危害性上游大于下游。     

安庆市降尘重金属的污染评价与健康风险评价

为探究安庆市降尘重金属污染程度及存在的健康风险,在市区设置48个采样点采集降尘,分析降尘重金属含量.结果表明:安庆市降尘中Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, As, Cd含量平均值分别为134.1,640,128.9,55.4,128.7,63.9,2.98mg/kg.富集因子分析显示:Ni和Cr为轻微富集,Cu, Pb, As的富集因子较高,Zn和Cd为极强富集,其富集指数分别达到10.25和29.53.地积累指数评价平均生态危害表明:Cr和Ni属于轻度污染,Cu, Pb,As处于偏中度污染到中度污染之间,Zn属于中度污染,部分地区达到重度污染,Cd处于重污染到严重污染之间,其平均污染指数为5.07属于严重污染.手-口途径摄入是降尘重金属引起非致癌风险的最主要途径 ,总非致癌风险次序为As > Cr > Pb > Cu > Cd > Ni > Zn,其中手-口途径儿童As的暴露风险HQing已达到2.72明显超出限值1,易对儿童健康造成危害.其他金属风险均低于限值,不会对人们身体健康造成危害.降尘中的Ni, Cr, As, Cd通过呼吸途径不具有致癌风险.     

珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染

硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。     

规模化养殖畜禽粪便量估算及环境影响研究

利用规模化养殖的空间信息,结合面积比例法,获取畜禽养殖统计数据.在此基础上,进行了畜禽粪便量和纯养分估算及对土壤环境影响研究,辅以土壤耕层和亚耕层中有效磷含量及变化来阐释畜禽粪便对土壤环境污染的影响.以北京市大兴区为例,对该区规模养殖畜禽粪便量进行估算,评估了其对环境的影响,验证了该方法的准确性、合理性.结果表明,大兴区2005年耕地畜禽粪便磷养分负荷为93.72kg/hm2,其中规模化养殖耕地畜禽粪便磷养分负荷为57.56kg/hm2.耕层及亚耕层的有效磷含量远高于背景值,且变异系数分别为72.66%和79.12%,富集系数(耕层/亚耕层)为2.31,变异系数和富集系数进一步说明了规模化养殖畜禽粪便对土壤环境污染影响程度.     

北部湾潮间带沉积物和双壳类动物中的重金属:污染特征与生物积累

环北部湾经济的迅猛发展对沿岸生态环境的人为干扰日益增强,其中潮间带受到的影响更大.研究该区域沉积物的重金属污染特征、来源及生物积累程度,对于北部湾的环境保护及管理十分重要.2011年10月,对北部湾潮间带13个站位的沉积物中7种重金属(Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、As)、Al及总有机碳(TOC)含量和细颗粒(＜63 μm)比例进行测定,同时测定2种双壳类动物(波纹巴非蛤Paphia undulate和文蛤Meretrix meretrix)软组织中重金属含量.通过计算富集因子(EF)和生物-沉积物积累因子(BSAF),对沉积物中每种重金属的来源和生物积累潜力进行分析.结果表明,与世界其他海域相比,北部湾潮间带沉积物中重金属整体污染水平较低,但站位间差异明显;沉积物中的Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu主要来自人为污染,Cr、As和Hg则主要来自天然来源.双壳类动物体内重金属含量在站位间存在较明显差异,波纹巴非蛤和文蛤BSAF值由大到小依次为Cd (861％,1028％)＞Zn (281％,369％)＞Hg(243％,222％)＞Cu(125％,169％) ＞As(38％,42％)＞Cr(37％,23％)＞Pb(3.3％,2.2％);两种生物对Hg、As的积累程度差异不大,波纹巴非蛤对Pb、Cr的积累程度明显高于文蛤,对Cu、Zn、Cd的积累程度则明显低于文蛤.Pearson相关性分析表明,在粒径小、有机质多的沉积物中,多数重金属的生物可利用性降低,不易被双壳类动物吸收利用.