Environment as the Stage for Economic Actors

The relative importance of economics and environment in debate may soon be reversed due to the influence of three fac- tors. Firstly, in the global economy it is hard to hide the unwanted products of economic processes. Secondly, huge advances in sci- ence will reduce the imperfect knowledge of markets, making some monitoring and analyzing tools show the design of sensible and equitable livelihood in communities, which is more important than the motivation of maximising profits for some individuals or firms. Thirdly, China, as the last major player on the planet to take on economic growth, comes from traditions fundamentally differ- ent from those economies that have experienced the Industrial Revolution previously. Its challenges with sustainability and en- vironmental conservation predate Western economics by millennia, and it is implementing policies domestically and starting to work on the world stage that acknowledges that the surroundings are the host for any economic and socio-political system.     

A RAWLSIAN EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA1

ABSTRACT: This paper critically evaluates the nature of irrigation distribution in India using the Rawlsian criterion of equity in dis. tribution and estimates the performance of different states in India according to the Rawlsian notion of fairness in distribution. It is found that there is considerable inequality across farm-size groups in the distribution of irrigated areas in general and canal irrigated areas in particular, and that there are wide interstate differences in the levels of this inequality. Further, it is found that switching over to a Rawlsian based distribution of canal irrigation will help in reducing the levels of inequality in overall irrigation distribution in all states.     

基于“熵权+TOPSIS”法的石油库安全管理绩效评价研究

结合石油库的特点,建立了以人员因素、设备设施管理、储存介质状态、环境因素及管理因素等5项一级指标、20项二级指标的安全管理绩效评价体系;为克服安全管理绩效评价的主观随意性,采用“熵权+TOPSIS”法构建了评价模型,以10家石油库企业所采集的信息为算例,对石油库安全管理绩效评价进行了实例研究,结果表明“熵权+TOPSIS”法评价模型有效改善了评价结果的客观性和可靠度,可帮助石油库企业及时发现安全管理短板,明确改进方向,提升安全管理绩效水平。     

人为活动影响下的生态系统反馈机制--塔里木河流域生态输水工程的效应分析

通过对塔里木河流域生态输水工程的效应分析,揭示了生态系统反馈机制的原理和特点,强调了负反馈机制的作用,即生态系统在受到外界影响或干扰后,通过一系列的自我调节功能来减轻这种干扰或影响的程度,并力图恢复到平衡或稳定状态.最后,探讨了生态系统反馈机制的作用和意义.     

Quadratic diversity: Its maximization can reduce the richness of species

In recent decades numerous diversity indices have been introduced. Among them the quadratic entropy index Q expresses the mean difference between two individuals chosen from the community at random. Differing from diversity indices habitually employed, Q does not satisfy a property postulated earlier for those measures. Namely, the uniform distribution of species does not necessarily yield the maximal index value. Q is based on the difference matrix of species. For a given matrix one can seek for the vector yielding the maximum quadratic entropy. This task leads to a quadratic programming problem. Using the appropriate program of a program package, we determined the maximum vector for a genetic difference matrix of crane species, as published in the literature. We discovered that some components (frequencies) in the maximum vector are equal to zero. That is, by maximizing the quadratic diversity some species can be eliminated. We discuss briefly the possible implications of this observation. Moreover, even if all elements in the maximum vector are positive, the elements can differ.     

Quantifying the efficiency of soil sampling designs: A multivariate approach

The objective of this paper is to quantify and compare the loss functions of the standard two-stage design and its composite sample alternative in the context of multivariate soil sampling. The loss function is defined (conceptually) as the ratio of cost over information and measures design inefficiency. The efficiency of the design is the reciprocal of the loss function. The focus of this paper is twofold: (a) we define a measure of multivariate information using the Kullback–Leibler distance, and (b) we derive the variance-covariance structure for two soil sampling designs: a standard two-stage design and its composite sample counterpart. Randomness in the mass of soil samples is taken into account in both designs. A pilot study in Slovenia is used to demonstrate the calculations of the loss function and to compare the efficiency of the two designs. The results show that the composite sample design is more efficient than the two-stage design. The efficiency ratio is 1.3 for pH, 2.0 for C, 2.1 for N, and 2.5 for CEC. The multivariate efficiency ratio is 2.3. These ratios primarily reflect cost ratios; influence of the information is small.     

资源物理学及资源消耗的生态价值系数评估

本文简介了资源物理学及其拓广，提出了所有自然资源都可以用度量，给出了评价自然资源消耗的生态价值系数表达式和过程分析法，借助它可以优化资源的利用。     

基于熵权-集对分析的山区丘陵公路边坡安全评价——以河南省修武县为例

针对山区丘陵公路边坡安全存在多种随机性、模糊性和不确定性因素等问题,优化改进了标准集对分析理论,并将熵权-集对分析模型应用于公路边坡安全评价中。以河南省修武县5处典型山区丘陵公路边坡为例,构建了由4大类共14个指标组成的评价指标体系,再利用熵权法确定各指标权重,最后通过单指标联系度、综合联系度等计算,得出综合评价结果。结果表明,1、4、5号路段边坡安全性较差,建议采取及时的防治措施;2、3号路段边坡大体安全,可留意观察,暂不处理。与传统方法相比,熵权-集对分析模型理念清晰、计算简单、准确度高、实用性强。     

基于EW-SPA模型的海事码头安全评价

鉴于海事码头系统的复杂性,利用单一的集对分析理论难以对其做出准确的风险评价,因此,将熵权和集对分析理论加以组合,基于熵权和集对分析的基本理论,建立EW-SPA模型的海事码头安全评价研究方法。首先,综合分析影响码头安全的影响因素,建立包括自然环境、港口环境、交通环境3类一级指标及14项二级指标的海事码头安全评价指标体系。其次,应用专家调查法赋权与信息熵的理论确定权重,从而保证了原始信息的完整性,减少信息的流失。再次,运用集对分析原理计算集对联系度,对海事码头的安全状况进行评价和预测,从而克服了传统码头安全评价方法在处理不确定性方面的不足。最后,运用EW-SPA模型和熵权云模型对道仁矶海事码头的安全评价与预测进行比对分析,结果表明,将EW-SPA模型应用于海事码头的安全评价和预测,计算简单,评价结果较可靠。     

旧工业建筑再生利用项目施工安全的评价及改进

针对旧工业建筑再生利用项目施工过程中存在诸多安全隐患的问题,首先,结合此类项目遗留工业垃圾冗杂、施工场地狭窄、部分构件拆换、大型机械使用受限的施工特点从4MTE角度构建施工安全评价指标体系。然后,在考虑指标赋权的主客观综合性与评价工作的未确知性后,建立了基于结构熵权法与未确知测度理论的旧工业建筑再生利用项目施工安全评价模型,并通过工程实例验证该模型,得出的评价结果与实际情况相符。最后,结合未确知测度单因素指标测度函数的特点,提出了施工安全管理改进策略的制定方法。