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801.
Environmental sociology and the sociology of natural resources are two key subdisciplines of the sociological study on the interactions between nature and human society. Previous discussion on the relationships of these two fields has largely focused on their distinctions and synthesis in western (particularly American) academia. Environmental sociology emerged as an important sociological subdiscipline in China in the early 1990s and is under vigorous disciplinary construction at present. By contrast, the sociology of natural resources is still a novel term for most Chinese researchers. This article provides a systematic review of recent literature on the relationships between environmental and natural resource sociologies, which should provide important implications for the further development of environmental sociology in China. 相似文献
802.
长江三角洲城市间环境公平性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
定义了环境公平性包括基于自然资源禀赋的环境公平性及基于经济产出的环境公平性。为表征基于自然资源禀赋的环境公平性,构造并计算了长江三角洲(简称长三角)各地环境压力指数。为表征经济产出的环境公平性,构造了环境基尼系数与绿色贡献系数。根据2004年环境经济发展水平及污染排放数据(COD与SO2排放量),计算了长三角各地级市的环境压力与基于GDP的COD与SO2环境基尼系数与各地的绿色贡献系数。借助分层聚类分析,得出以下结论:(1)从基于自然资源禀赋的环境公平性上讲,上海面临的环境压力最高,江苏省城市较浙江省高;(2)从基于经济产出的环境公平性上讲,长三角地区基于GDP的COD、SO2环境基尼系数分别为017与013,相较全国,长三角实现了更高发展水平上的均衡;(3)在长三角内部比较,镇江、泰州等部分城市COD、SO2排放的生态效率仍需进一步提高。最后指出:在区域层面上合理分布区域环境压力,在比较中提高各地生态效率是推动长三角环境保护发展、促进长三角环境保护一体化的重要举措。 相似文献
803.
环境库兹涅茨曲线假说在中国的经验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
改革开放以来,中国年均98%的经济持续增长举世瞩目,然而对经济增长所付出的环境代价却存在着诸多争议。环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)假说是对环境 收入关系研究的经典表述,可以直观地展现环境与收入变化的关系。在前人研究EKC时运用单一或多个单一指标测量污染程度存在缺陷的基础上,基于 1982~2006年中国6类环境污染物,用改进的熵值法计算出代表我国整体环境污染状况的环境污染指数,利用协整检验来研究中国环境库兹涅茨曲线的存在性及其“本土化”特征,发现与一般发达国家和新兴发展中国家的“倒U”型环境库兹涅茨曲线不同,中国综合环境污染模型呈“正U”型,以21世纪初为分界点,之前环境污染水平不断下降,之后环境污染又开始有所恶化;利用脉冲响应函数来考察环境污染和经济增长的互动关系,发现经济增长在追溯期内对环境污染均为正向影响,而环境污染仅在短期对经济增长有促进作用。这一研究旨在为制定符合中国国情的环境、经济政策,实现经济与环境协调发展提供理论依据. 相似文献
804.
Both the Aalborg Commitments and the guidance on integrated urban environmental management and sustainable urban transport
plans proposed by the EU Thematic Strategy on the Urban Environment foresee a baseline review as the first step in developing
integrated urban management plans and systems. A baseline review of urban sustainability undertaken in Riga reveals significant
discrepencies between the sustainability criteria of the Aalborg Commitments and the: responsibilities and competencies of
the municipal government and administration as defined by statutes; policy goals and measures defined in municipal planning
documents; policy goals and measures defined in the Riga Development Plan. To better orient the mandate of the municipality
towards sustainable development, municipal statutes should be supplemented to more fully reflect the issues defined by the
Aalborg Commitments and should include sustainability as a goal. In order to strengthen the implementation of sustainable
development specific policy goals, measures and targets should be formulated for all the Aalborg Commitments issues when revising
existing municipal planning documents or developing a municipal sustainable development management plan. An analysis of the
European Common Indicators and the State of the Environment in Riga 2001 indicators indicates that they can only partially
fulfill a monitoring function for the implementation of the Aalborg Commitments. This highlights a need to better coordinate
sustainable development initiatives at the European level. The methodology used for the baseline review in Riga is useful
for assessing the status of urban sustainability when preparing integrated urban management plans or systems, but requires
testing elsewhere.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
805.
806.
自然资源利用权从产生的途径上看应属于特许物权,从内容和功能上看应属于准用益物权,两种物权属性并不相互排斥。自然资源利用权的双重物权属性符合环境保护的价值取向和价值选择。 相似文献
807.
808.
王紫零 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2009,19(4):48-51
我国现在正处于环境事故高发期,而环境污染损害赔偿是企业,甚至是国家必须面对的现实问题。然而单凭企业承担责任是力所不能及的,最终不得不由国家买单,给国家带来沉重的负担。这种情况迫切需要建立环境污染损害责任保险机制,即绿色保险,把赔偿引向社会化。保险本身就是一种救灾形式,因为它能分散风险,减少损失。针对我国的具体情况,建立适宜的环境污染责任保险模式才能平衡发展与环境保护的关系、在全社会牢固树立生态文明理念。 相似文献
809.
耿世刚 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2009,19(4):1-4
在对当前国际国内环境保护大背景分析的基础上,阐述了构建现代产业体系与环境保护的关系,以及生态文明、科学发展观、可持续发展战略、循环经济、清洁生产等与环境保护相关的关键词,提出构建现代产业体系,必须与环境保护体系建设同步进行,将最新的环保理念和思想纳入到现代产业体系的构建之中,并从环保政策上给与支持。 相似文献
810.
Michael W. Suplee Vicki Watson Mark Teply Heather McKee 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(1):123-140
Abstract: A public opinion survey was carried out in Montana to ascertain if the public identifies a level of benthic (bottom‐attached) river and stream algae that is undesirable for recreation. The survey had two parts; an On‐River survey and a By‐Mail survey. The On‐River survey was conducted via 44 trips randomly scheduled throughout the state during which recreators were interviewed in‐person at the stream. Selection of stream segments and survey dates/times was based on known, statewide recreational use patterns. By‐Mail survey forms were sent to 2,000 individuals randomly selected from Montana’s Centralized Voter File (CVF) available from the Montana Secretary of State. The CVF was current through 2004 and represented over 85% of the state’s eligible voting population. In both surveys, eight randomly ordered photographs depicting varying levels of stream benthic algae were presented, and participants were asked if the algae level shown was desirable or undesirable for recreation. Survey form design, selection of photographs, and pretesting followed acceptable protocols that limited unintentional bias through survey execution. There were 433 returned forms (389 complete) for the By‐Mail survey, while the On‐River survey documented 563 interviews. In both surveys, as benthic algal chlorophyll a (Chl a) levels increased, desirability for recreation decreased. (Other measures of benthic algae biomass are presented as well.) For the public majority, mean benthic Chl a levels ≥200 mg/m2 were determined to be undesirable for recreation, whereas mean levels ≤150 mg Chl a/m2 were found to be desirable. Error rates were within the survey’s statistical design criteria (≤5%). The largest potential error source was nonresponse in the By‐Mail survey; however, the population represented by nonrespondents would have to exhibit profoundly different perceptions of river and stream algae to meaningfully alter the results. Results support earlier work in the literature suggesting 150 mg Chl a/m2 represents a benthic algae nuisance threshold. 相似文献