建设环保型城市道路

指出了传统城市道路建设存在的环境问题 ,论述了开发环保型城市道路的必要性 ,综述了修建环保型道路的新技术 ,提出了环保型城市道路的新概念和利用工业固体废物作筑路材料的观点。 2 1世纪 ,政府和公众都应充分重视和支持环保型道路的建设。     

装备外部冷却方法及在环境试验中的应用概述

首先简述了机载电子装备冷却的基本要素。其次,详细介绍了机载电子装备环控通风冷却、液体冷却方式的具体要求及不同的接口方式。然后,通过实例介绍了装备的不同冷却方式、方法及在实际中的应用。通过试验研究发现,不同的冷却方式不仅对机载电子装备本身有不同程度的影响,还对机载电子装备在环境试验过程中产生极大的影响,从而提出在实际应用中,应着重依据分析的内容考虑机载电子装备需采用的冷却方式,以达到最好的实施效果。     

Development of environmental management system in China's financial sector

The establishment of the environmental management system in the financial sector can be effectively promoted through the introduction of the environmental protection concept and its implementation by the financial sector. The impact of a sustainable development system on the sector is analyzed in this article from three aspects: environmental risk assessment, financing support for environmental protection projects, and financial services to environmentally friendly corporations and individuals. Influential factors on the development of the environmental management system in China’s financial sector are discussed from the perspective of various entities such as financial institutions, financial regulation authorities, environmental protection departments, corporations, and the public. It is pointed out that China’s financial sector is now in the transitional phase from a defensive attitude to a preventive attitude. Strengthening governmental guidance, the supervision of regulators as well as public awareness of environmental protection should be used to enhance the initiative in the development of the environmental management system in the Chinese financial sector.     

气相色谱-质谱法快速筛查气态制冷剂产品中的热点管控类卤代烃

建立了利用气相色谱-质谱法快速筛查气态制冷剂产品中的10种热点管控类卤代烃的分析方法。采用气密性微量注射器对气态制冷剂样品进行取样,刺透瓶盖隔垫加入到顶空瓶中,自动进样;以GS-GasPro(多孔层开管,60 m×0.32 mm)为色谱柱,采用电子轰击离子源,全扫描模式采集。测试结果显示:目标物的体积分数在0.50%~100.00%范围内,相对响应因子的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于20%;线性相关系数r均在0.999以上;检出限(3.143倍标准偏差)为0.01%~0.05%。对实际样品进行加标回收,回收率为79.5%~102%,测定值RSD为0.5%~3.1%。该方法可为快速、准确、批量筛查气态制冷剂产品中的多种热点管控类卤代烃提供技术支撑。     

加强包装运输环境有害物质评价与管理的探讨

就包装环境有害物质的评价和管理问题进行了分析和研究，探讨如何保障包装货物的安全、清洁与高效运输，并对“化学品全球分类和标识协调系统”，联合国橙皮书的修订及评价标准的有关问题提出了建议。     

Application of TISM and MICMAC for analysis of influential factors of sustainable development of tablet devices: a case study

Abstract

With the advancements in technology and increase in demand for eco-efficient products, manufacturers are focusing on sustainable development of products. Enticing a huge demand over the recent years, sustainable development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products are a subject of interest for most practitioners and academicians. A number of factors are found to influence the sustainable development of ICT products. It is necessary to identify the most important factors and determine the dependencies of factors among themselves. In this regard, a case study has been conducted in the context of sustainable development of tablet devices. The most influential factors have been identified from literature and with experts input. The factor dependencies are established using Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) methodology. MICMAC analysis is used to classify the factors based on their ability to influence other factors. The output of TISM forms the input for MICMAC analysis. From the study, it was found that the factors, ‘Customer pressure’, ‘Government regulations’, ‘Competitiveness’, ‘Organization initiative’ and ‘Technological advancements’ are the most driving factors. Factors ‘Environmental impact’, ‘Energy efficiency’ and ‘Opportunities to upgrade’ were found to be dependent.     

纳米技术及材料在环境保护中的应用

概述了纳米技术及材料在环境保护中的应用情况,特别是在污水处理与空气净化方面,认为纳米技术及材料的应用将会给环境科学带来突破性进展,为彻底改善环境和从源头上控制新的污染源的产生创造条件,表明利用纳米技术及纳米材料解决环境污染问题将成为未来环境保护发展的必然趋势。     

环境pH条件下Fe2+活化过二硫酸盐降解有机污染物的效能与影响因素

利用Fe²⁺活化过二硫酸盐（PDS）产生SO₄^-·等高活性氧化物种是去除有机污染物的重要方法.然而该方法通常只有在酸性条件下才能获得良好的污染物去除效果,限制了Fe²⁺/PDS体系的实际应用.为此,分别从不同pH条件下Fe²⁺活化PDS降解水中有机污染物的效能、活性氧化物的种类和氧气的影响等角度,系统分析了中碱性条件下Fe²⁺/PDS体系难以氧化有机污染物的影响因素.结果发现,不同pH条件下Fe²⁺/PDS体系中均有SO₄^-·和Fe （Ⅳ）的生成;中碱性条件下溶解氧可与PDS竞争Fe²⁺,但此时仍有可观的PDS （37.6%~100%）得到了活化且排除氧气并不能提高污染物的去除效果.通过改变Fe²⁺的投量发现,过量的Fe²⁺会显著降低Fe²⁺/PDS体系对卡马西平的去除率,这表明过量的Fe²⁺对活性氧化物种是无谓消耗,是导致中碱性条件下Fe²⁺/PDS体系除污效能降低的重要原因.鉴于此,进一步探讨了零价铁或硫化零价铁替代Fe²⁺活化PDS去除污染物的可行性,并利用同步辐射技术分析了零价铁的腐蚀情况.结果为中碱性条件下PDS的有效活化和实际应用提供了理论支撑.     

环境友好型金属切削液的性能研究

以油酸、二乙醇胺、硼酸、苯并三氮唑为主要原料,采用酯交换法制得油酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯、相转移法制得苯并三氮唑衍生物,合成一种复合有机硼酸酯,采用傅立叶红外光谱仪对合成产物进行表征。对由复合有机硼酸酯配制的水基切削液进行防锈、润滑及清洗性能的测试。结果表明:(1)以油酸、二乙醇胺、硼酸和苯并三氮唑为主要原料制备出的复合有机硼酸酯,经红外光谱仪的表征,证实合成工艺可行。(2)水基切削液的防腐蚀和防锈性能随着复合有机硼酸酯添加量的增加而改善,在较高温较长时间的持续工作环境下同样能保持良好的防锈性能。(3)当复合有机硼酸酯添加量为0.25%(质量分数)时,水基切削液在60℃、24h的缓蚀率达到了70%左右,35℃时的单片及叠片防锈试验合格,25℃下的表面张力为33.13×10-4 N/dm,润滑性能良好。     

Turbulent deflagrations of mildly flammable refrigerant-air mixtures

With current concerns around global climate change, new hydrofluorocarbons with low Global Warming Potential (GWP) are being evaluated as alternative refrigerants. These alternative refrigerants, however, may be mildly flammable (as defined by the A2L safety group classification) and pose safety concerns for the heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC/R) industry. Consequently, careful assessments of different flammability characteristics and risks for these refrigerants are essential for their safe use in actual applications. In this study, deflagration propagation measurements for different mildly flammable refrigerants, including difluoromethane (R-32) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), were undertaken in different geometries including a 9.1-m long conduit test rig and a closed cubical 12.5 m³ volume. Different tests were conducted for full volume deflagrations as well as with and without obstructions. Turbulent deflagration speeds for well-mixed, refrigerant-air mixtures have been shown to be orders of magnitude larger than their corresponding laminar flame speed values that are used in classifying flammable refrigerants in safety standards. Testing has also quantified the resulting severity as measured by the event overpressure which was shown to worsen with increased congestion or confinement as a consequence of increased induced turbulence. This work illustrates the importance for severity evaluations for actual large-scale or congested geometries of concern in practical applications. Even for mildly flammable refrigerants characterized by laminar flame speeds <2 cm/s, which is lower than the 10 cm/s limit for A2L refrigerants, relatively fast deflagrations can be generated for very congested geometries where downstream turbulence is generated as the flame front passes over obstacles in these situations.