Solar photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide isoproturon on a Bi–TiO2/zeolite photocatalyst

The photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide isoproturon under solar light was investigated in aqueous solution containing a Bi–TiO₂/zeolite photocatalyst. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of Bi–TiO₂ loading onto the zeolite support and influence of the parameters such as catalyst amount, pH, and initial concentration of isoproturon on the degradation rate were evaluated. The recycling ability of the catalyst was found to be sustainable for elongated periods. The high activity of the Bi–TiO₂/zeolite was attributed to its absorptivity of visible light and its high adsorption capacity for the pollutant molecules.     

Trace elements in fish and oysters from Sepetiba Bay (Rio de Janeiro – Brazil) determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence using synchrotron radiation

Trace elements were determined in fish and oysters from Sepetiba Bay, Brazil, by total reflection Xray fluorescence using synchrotron radiation (SRTXRF). Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Se were determined in fish muscles and organs and in oyster soft tissue. SRTXRF was shown to be a good tool for the analysis of trace elements from biological tissue samples. Overall, the levels of the analysed metals were higher in oysters than in the fish samples. Metals were not uniformly distributed throughout the body of the analysed fish. The detected concentrations of Cr, Zn and Se were very high in some samples, surpassing the maximum limits established by Brazilian legislation.     

障碍物对天然气喷射火影响的数值模拟研究

为研究障碍物控制天然气喷射火对周围设施危害的有效性,基于流体力学基本原理与湍流模型,采用FDS模拟软件,分别研究高度为10 m的障碍物宽度和障碍物与泄漏孔间距对喷射火的影响。研究得出:障碍物对喷射火阻挡效果明显,减缓了火焰在速度方向的传播;障碍物越宽,控制火焰向前传播的效果越好,障碍物后方受火焰高温和热辐射危害越小,但随着宽度的增加,后方温度和热辐射下降率减小,障碍物宽3 m时,对火焰控制效果最好;随着障碍物与泄漏孔间距增加,障碍物后方热辐射先增加后减小,间距为5 m时,障碍物对火焰的控制效果最好,此时喷射火下游受保护的区域最宽。研究结果可为储气罐发生泄漏火灾事故处置及应急设施设计提供参考。     

UVR-induced toxicity of sludge and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on seed germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum L.

The depletion of the ozone layer and enhancement of solar radiation may exert an adverse influence on the ecosystem. Phototoxicity of sludge and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under ultraviolet radiation (UVR) to seedling was studied. Seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were planted in sludge and PAHs (anthracene (An), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and pyrene (Py)) with and without UVR. Toxicity of sludge increased in the presence of UVR in wheat. UVB radiation was found to be more hazardous than UVA radiation. Results demonstrated that An, BaP and Py induced phototoxicity at various concentrations (1–10?µg/mL) under UVA (1.5?mW/cm²) or UVB (1.08?J/cm²) exposure. The pattern of phototoxicity was An?>?Py?>?BaP to shoot length, root length, and fresh weight; chlorophyll, protein content, enzyme activity of catalase and α-amylase were reduced while the activity of superoxide dismutase and starch was enhanced. Reduction in seedling growth and biochemical parameters may be related to less photosynthesis, less nutritional uptake, and distortion of root cap. Thus, the synergistic effect may be due to alterations in photosynthesis, phytohormones, or nutritional uptake.     

石油化工装置区火灾举高消防车的安全部署研究

举高消防车广泛应用在石油化工装置区火灾中。为高效发挥举高消防车在石油化工装置区火灾中的作用,对石油化工装置区火灾中广泛使用的举高消防车的结构性能进行了分析,针对举高喷射消防车的特点,分析了装置类型、作业场地、安全工作范围、火场热辐射对其在石油化工装置区火灾使用中的影响。分析给出了石油化工装置区火灾中消防通道的要求、举高消防车距离火源的安全距离及其臂架的工作要求,并提出了举高消防车在石油化工装置区火灾中的安全部署要求。研究结果可以为举高消防车在石油化工装置区火灾中的安全部署及作战效能的提高提供技术支持。     

我国核电与煤电环境影响的外部成本比较

应用影响路径分析和生命周期分析方法建立了核电能源链与煤电能源链的外部成本计量框架,对二者的环境影响的外部成本进行了比较评价.结果表明:煤电能源链向环境排放的污染物直接导致酸雨、降尘和全球变暖等环境效应,对人体健康、植被、生态系统、材料和清洗等造成明显影响;而核电能源链未发现可察觉的环境影响.从污染物(SO₂,NO_x,PM和CO₂)排放看,煤电能源链比核电能源链高2个数量级;煤电能源链的辐射影响是核电能源链的40倍;煤电能源链总的外部成本是核电能源链的115倍.比较可知:①核电是清洁的能源,其比煤电更有利于环境;②以煤为主的能源结构是环境问题的主要原因之一;③现行的能源价格机制中没有合理地体现环境成本.应通过节约能源、提高能源效率、改善能源结构、发展清洁能源技术、外部成本内部化以完善能源价格机制等途径促进能源的可持续发展.      

成都市冬季辐射雾生消过程的无机阴离子变化

分别在成都市市区和郊区采集冬季辐射雾雾水样品,pH值范围在4.58—6.39之间,平均值为5.57.离子色谱分析其无机阴离子(SO42-,NO3-,Cl-)浓度水平.结果显示,雾水中的阴离子以SO42-浓度最高(3.11mg.l-1),NO3-(0.20mg.l-1)和Cl-(0.25mg.l-1)相对较低;雾生消过程中市区和郊区雾水样品阴离子的变化规律及分布特征有显著差异.雾水中的阴离子浓度普遍低于此期间的降水.     

某省医用电子直线加速器治疗室辐射环境监测分析

通过对省内医用电子直线加速器辐射环境监测,对比不同等级医院医用电子直线加速器辐射防护水平的差异,为放射治疗工作正常开展提供放射防护数据参考,确保放射工作人员、受检者及公众健康安全.按照标准方法采用辐射剂量仪AT1123及中子周围剂量当量仪BH3105E对加速器治疗室周围环境进行光子及中子的监测,采用热释光法对放疗科放射...     

20个小麦品种对UV-B辐射增强响应的形态学差异

研究了大田栽培和自然光条件下 ,模拟UV -B辐射增强对 2 0个小麦品种影响的形态学差异。结果表明 ,叶面积指数、株高、节间长、茎基粗对UV -B辐射增强响应具有品种间差异。株高和节间长对UV -B辐射响应具有一致性 ,呈极显著正相关。根据形态响应指数 (MRI) ,耐性品种 (MRI>- 8 5 )为 :辽春 9>文麦 3>大理 90 5 >兰州 80 10 1>绵阳 2 6 >YV 97- 31>毕 90 - 5。敏感品种 (MRI <- 49 4)为 :会宁 18>繁 19>楚雄 880 7>My 94- 9>黔 14>云麦 39>陇春 16。耐性品种具有较小的叶展开角度 ,敏感品种具有较大的叶展开角度。UV -B辐射还不同程度抑制小麦条锈病的发生     

海上救援便携式海水淡化装置设计

设计了一种适用于海上救援的便携式海水淡化装置,由制水模块、供能模块、自动控制模块及辅助模块构成,产水量为3 L/d,可满足1人每天所需水量。制水模块采用"AGMD+DCMD"膜蒸馏工艺实现海水淡化,设置预处理工艺保护膜元件;对系统进行了能量核算,利用太阳能板及蓄电池供能,可提供3.6(k W·h)/d电能,保障设备稳定运行;利用PLC及传感器、指示灯等元件,通过制定控制策略、设计控制程序,对装置运行过程进行实时监控,实现一键化自动运行。将各模块有机集成为海上救援海水淡化装置,达到紧凑、重量轻、密封性好、便于海陆携带、操作简单的目的。